近60 a山西省极端气温事件的年际变化及其对区域增暖的响应

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.289

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于山西省境内70个气象站点的逐日最高气温、最低气温和平均气温资料，使用8个不同的极端气温指数分析其1960—2019年近60 a极端气温事件的变化特征，并分析其对气候变暖的响应。结果表明：（1）夏季日数、热夜日数、日最低气温极大值、日最低气温极小值均呈显著增加趋势，冰冻日数、霜冻日数呈显著减少趋势。（2）极端最高（低）气温的极大、极小值均上升，并且大部分地区极端气温的极小值增温幅度更大。（3）山西省平均气温呈显著变暖趋势，平均每10 a增加0.26 ℃，空间上气温增幅呈从东南向西北逐渐增大的趋势。各极端气温指数对气候变暖具有较好的响应，其中霜冻日数对于山西省区域增暖的响应最显著，其次为日最低气温极大值。（4）山西省半干旱区的日最低气温极小、极大值增温更快，冰冻日数减少速度快；半湿润区的热夜日数增加速度快，霜冻日数减少速度快。

关键词: 极端气温指数, 时空变化, 气候变化, 山西省

Abstract:

Extreme temperature is an important indicator of climate change. Under the background of global warming, disaster events (warm winter, drought, and heat wave) caused by extreme temperature changes are also becoming increasingly frequent, which pose a serious threat to the ecological system and agricultural production. Therefore, studying and predicting the occurrence of extreme temperature events are particularly important. On the basis of the daily maximum, minimum, and average temperature data of 70 meteorological stations, eight extreme temperature indices were analyzed to obtain spatial and temporal variations of extreme temperature events, and their response to regional warming was examined in Shanxi Province, China, from 1960 to 2019. The following results are presented. (1) The occurrence of summer days, tropical nights, annual maximum value of daily minimum temperature, and annual minimum value of daily minimum temperature showed a significant upward trend, whereas the occurrence of ice and frost days showed a significant downward trend. (2) The annual maximum or minimum value of daily maximum and minimum temperatures showed warming trends, and the change rates of annual minimum value of daily maximum and minimum temperatures were large in most regions. (3) The annual average temperature in the study area presented a statistically significant increasing trend at a rate of 0.26 ℃·(10a)^-1. The spatial distribution of the warming rate increased from southeast to northwest. The changes in extreme temperature indices demonstrated remarkably significant responses to climate warming. The responses of frost days and annual maximum value of daily minimum temperature to regional warming were highly sensitive. (4) In semiarid regions of Shanxi Province, the rising rate of annual maximum and minimum values of daily minimum temperature was large and ice days had a rapid reduction. In the semihumid area of Shanxi Province, tropical nights demonstrated rapid increase, whereas frost days revealed a rapid reduction.

Key words: extreme temperature indices, spatiotemporal variations, climate change, Shanxi Province

李娜,武永利,赵桂香,钱锦霞,李芬,赵海英,韩普. 近60 a山西省极端气温事件的年际变化及其对区域增暖的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(3): 337-348.

LI Na,WU Yongli,ZHAO Guixiang,QIAN Jinxia,LI Fen,ZHAO Haiying,HAN Pu. Interannual variations of extreme air temperature events and its response to regional warming in Shanxi Province in recent 60 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(3): 337-348.

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类型	指数	代码	定义
暖指数	夏季日数/d	SU	一年中日最高气温高于25 ℃的天数总和
	热夜日数/d	TR	一年中日最低气温高于20 ℃的天数总和
	日最高气温极大值/℃	TXx	年内日最高气温最大值
	日最低气温极大值/℃	TNx	年内日最低气温最大值
冷指数	冰冻日数/d	ID	一年中日最高气温低于0 ℃的天数总和
	霜冻日数/d	FD	一年中日最低气温低于0 ℃的天数总和
	日最高气温极小值/℃	TXn	年内日最高气温最小值
	日最低气温极小值/℃	TNn	年内日最低气温最小值

指数	1960—1996年	1997—2019年	差值
SU/d	100.86	113.21	12.35
TR/d	15.33	20.99	5.67
TXx/℃	35.25	36.12	0.87
TNx/℃	22.38	23.33	0.94
ID/d	34.09	26.08	-8.01
FD/d	145.83	134.49	-11.34
TXn/℃	-8.01	-7.80	0.21
TNn/℃	-20.48	-19.80	0.68

地理因子	SU	TR	TXx	TNx	ID	FD	TXn	TNn
经度	-0.41^**	-0.54^**	-0.48^**	-0.54^**	0.30^*	0.51^**	-0.29^*	-0.38^**
纬度	-0.60^**	-0.73^**	-0.60^**	-0.73^**	0.89^**	0.85^**	-0.87^**	-0.86^**
海拔	-0.97^**	-0.88^**	-0.97^**	-0.94^**	0.86^**	0.84^**	-0.89^**	-0.80^**