鄂尔多斯高原十大孔兑不同地貌地形的植被覆盖特征分析

摘要/Abstract

图/表 12

参考文献 43

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.241

摘要：

人工植草种树有效改善了鄂尔多斯高原十大孔兑的水土流失，但部分区域出现了植被退化现象，深入理解地形对植被的影响对该地水土保持具有重要的现实意义。基于资源三号01星（ZY3-01）卫星高程数据、MODIS归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据对2000—2022年十大孔兑不同地貌地形的植被变化进行分析。结果表明：（1）十大孔兑植被整体向好发展，不同地貌类型NDVI呈上升趋势，平原区、丘陵区、沙漠区多年平均NDVI分别为0.591、0.337、0.325，但沙漠区增加趋势最大。平原区植被退化主要分布在黄河沿岸，占平原区的16.28%；沙漠区退化主要分布在壕庆河中游，占沙漠区的0.64%；丘陵区退化主要分布在西柳沟、罕台川、哈什拉川上游，占丘陵区的1.88%。（2）不同坡度条件下，平原区的平缓坡和缓坡的植被整体要好于水平地和平地，沙漠区NDVI表现为水平地>平地>平缓坡>缓坡>陡坡，丘陵区NDVI几乎与沙漠区完全一致，但陡坡在2000—2022年都好于平缓坡和缓坡，差于水平地和平地。（3）不同坡向条件下，2000—2022年平原区NDVI表现为阳坡>半阴半阳坡>阴坡，沙漠区基本表现为阴坡>阳坡>半阴半阳坡，丘陵区表现为阴坡>半阴半阳坡>阳坡。因此，沙漠区和丘陵区应在水平地或平地种植较多的植被，在坡地区域应首选坡度较小的阴坡种植。

关键词: 资源三号01星卫星, 沙地人工林, 植被时空变化, 坡度, 坡向, 十大孔兑, 鄂尔多斯高原

Abstract:

Artificial grass and tree planting have effectively mitigated soil erosion in the ten tributaries of the Ordos Plateau, Inner Mongolia, China. However, some regions have experienced vegetation degradation. Understanding the influence of topography on vegetation is critical for soil and water conservation efforts in this area. This study analyzed vegetation changes across different topographies and landforms in the ten tributaries from 2000 to 2022, utilizing digital elevation model (DEM) data from the ZY3-01 satellite and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from MODIS. The findings are as follows: (1) The overall vegetation in the ten tributaries improved, with the NDVI of different landform types showing an upward trend. The multi-year average NDVI values for plain, hilly, and desert areas were 0.591, 0.337, and 0.325, respectively. The most pronounced improvement occurred in the desert area. Vegetation degradation accounted for 16.28% of the plain area (mainly along the Yellow River), 0.64% of the desert area (predominantly in the middle reaches of the Haoqing River), and 1.88% of the hilly area (primarily in the upper reaches of Xiliugou, Hantaichuan, and Hashilachuan). (2) In the plain area, NDVI on flat gentle slopes and gentle slopes exceeded that on horizontal and flat land. In the desert area, NDVI followed the trend: horizontal land>flat land>flat gentle slope>gentle slope>steep slope. Similarly, in the hilly area, NDVI trends mirrored those of the desert area; however, from 2000 to 2022, NDVI on steep slopes surpassed that on flat gentle slopes and gentle slopes but remained lower than that on horizontal and flat land. (3) From 2000 to 2022, in the plain area, NDVI followed the trend: sunny slope>half-sunny slope>shady slope. Conversely, in the desert area, NDVI followed the trend: shady slope>sunny slope>half-sunny slope. In the hilly area, the trend was shady slope>half-sunny slope>sunny slope. These findings suggest that desert and hilly areas would benefit from planting vegetation on horizontal or flat land and on shady slopes with lower gradients for sloping areas.

Key words: ZY3-01 satellite, sand forest plantation, temporal and spatial changes of vegetation, slope, slope aspects, ten tributaries, Ordos Plateau

马启民, 杜函芮, 王峥铭, 龙银平. 鄂尔多斯高原十大孔兑不同地貌地形的植被覆盖特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(3): 434-443.

MA Qimin, DU Hanrui, WANG Zhengming, LONG Yinping. Vegetation coverage characteristics of different topography and landforms in ten tributaries of the Ordos Plateau[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(3): 434-443.

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树种	显著改善区	轻微改善区	基本稳定区	轻微退化区	显著退化区
锦鸡儿	82.06	16.17	0.54	1.10	0.13
沙柳	95.01	4.28	0.46	0.23	0.02
杨树	90.89	7.89	0.33	0.73	0.17
杨柴	96.43	2.07	1.23	0.25	0.01
柠条	81.63	15.42	1.23	1.60	0.12
油松	83.57	13.04	0.88	2.28	0.23
沙棘	81.27	16.78	0.65	1.18	0.12
柳树	70.71	23.87	1.62	2.71	1.10
山杏	95.58	3.55	0.17	0.70	-
柽柳	82.26	13.97	1.65	2.04	0.09
樟子松	79.71	15.82	1.21	2.78	0.48
榆树	70.27	27.34	0.78	1.49	0.12
云杉	76.12	17.91	0.15	5.60	0.23
杏	91.54	7.65	0.59	0.22	-
海棠	75.34	16.86	0.44	7.37	-
苹果	66.37	33.45	0.14	0.05	-
桧柏	70.27	4.43	6.60	18.70	-
沙枣	97.78	0.13	2.09	-	-
槐树	16.96	6.96	14.42	30.71	30.92
杜松	37.77	31.21	31.03	-	-
侧柏	35.11	-	-	59.44	5.45
大扁	100.00	-	-	-	-
山桃	100.00	-	-	-	-
丁香	100.00	-	-	-	-
槭树	100.00	-	-	-	-
梨	100.00	-	-	-	-