城市化发展对干旱区城市不同功能区局地气温的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.034

干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 2132-2142.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.034 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025034

城市化发展对干旱区城市不同功能区局地气温的影响

高娜¹^,²(), 崔洋¹^,²(), 高睿娜¹^,², 李万春¹^,², 孙健¹^,², 李欣¹^,²

¹ 中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室，宁夏银川 750002
² 宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室，宁夏银川 750002

收稿日期:2025-01-16 修回日期:2025-02-26 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-30
通讯作者: 崔洋（1982-），男，博士研究生，正高级工程师，主要从事气候变化与生态气象研究. E-mail: cuiyang@cma.gov.cn
作者简介:高娜（1987-），女，硕士研究生，高级工程师，主要从事气候与气候变化研究. E-mail: 198779gn@163.com
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2024BEG03003);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2025AAC030318);宁夏自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(2022AAC05065);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024J043);国家自然科学基金项目(42265006);宁夏智能数字预报技术研究与应用科技创新团队(2024CXTD006)

Impact of urbanization on local temperatures in different functional areas of cities in arid regions

GAO Na¹^,²(), CUI Yang¹^,²(), GAO Ruina¹^,², LI Wanchun¹^,², SUN Jian¹^,², LI Xin¹^,²

¹ Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, China Meteorological Administration, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
² Ningxia Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China

Received:2025-01-16 Revised:2025-02-26 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究气候变暖背景下快速城市化对干旱区城市不同功能区气温的影响，利用贺兰、银川、永宁气象站1961—2023年逐日地面平均气温、最高气温、最低气温数据和ERA-5再分析资料，通过观测减再分析法，分析城市化发展对干旱区城市不同功能区增温效应的影响及其特征。结果表明：（1）在气候变暖大背景下，银川市的气温总体上呈显著上升态势。（2）不同城市功能区对气温升高的贡献依次为工业区>居住区>绿化区；不同城市功能区对平均气温、平均最低气温响应的敏感性明显高于平均最高气温。（3）随着城市功能绿化区面积的减少，城市化发展对其平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温增温的贡献均呈逐渐增大趋势。（4）相较于平均气温，银川市气温的年极值主要是由全球和大区域尺度气候背景决定，城市发展及其功能区分布对其影响较小。通过深化对不同功能区增温效应的认识，研究结果可为西北干旱区城市深化气候适应型城市建设，提升城市综合防灾减灾能力和可持续发展水平提供科学理论依据和参考。

关键词: 局地气温, 城市化, 气候变化, 观测减再分析法, 贡献率

Abstract:

To investigate the impact of rapid urbanization on temperatures in different functional zones of arid cities against the backdrop of climate warming, daily ground-level average, maximum, and minimum temperature data from 1961 to 2023 from the Helan, Yinchuan, and Yongning stations, along with ERA-5 reanalysis data, were analyzed using the observation minus reanalysis method. The study examined the influence and characteristics of urbanization on the warming effects in various functional zones of arid cities. The results reveal that against the broader trend of climate warming, Yinchuan City has experienced a significant overall rise in temperatures. Furthermore, the contribution of different urban functional zones to temperature increases follows the order industrial zones>residential zones>green zones. The sensitivity of these zones to average and minimum temperatures is notably higher than that to maximum temperatures. In addition, as the area of urban green zones decreases, the contribution of urbanization to warming effects on average, maximum, and minimum temperatures gradually increases. Compared to average temperatures, annual temperature extremes in Yinchuan are primarily determined by global and large-scale regional climatic factors, with urban development and functional zone distribution having a lesser influence. By deepening the understanding of warming effects across functional zones, this study provides scientific theoretical foundations and references for enhancing climate-resilient urban development, improving comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, and promoting sustainable development in arid regions of northwest China.

Key words: local temperature, urbanization, climate change, observation minus reanalysis method, contribution rate

高娜, 崔洋, 高睿娜, 李万春, 孙健, 李欣. 城市化发展对干旱区城市不同功能区局地气温的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(12): 2132-2142.

GAO Na, CUI Yang, GAO Ruina, LI Wanchun, SUN Jian, LI Xin. Impact of urbanization on local temperatures in different functional areas of cities in arid regions[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(12): 2132-2142.

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气象观测站	原站		第1次迁站		第2次迁站
气象观测站	观测年份	用地类型	观测年份	用地类型	观测年份	用地类型
贺兰站	1961—2004	农田	2005—2025	农田、绿化用地	-	-
银川站	1961—2004	农田	2005—2025	绿化、住宅用地	-	-
永宁站	1961—2003	农田	2004—2017	工商业及住宅用地	2018—2025	农田

站名	平均气温	平均最高气温	平均最低气温
贺兰站	9.6	44.4	0.0
银川站	46.9	45.7	51.0
永宁站	63.7	61.8	62.7

城市化发展对干旱区城市不同功能区局地气温的影响

Impact of urbanization on local temperatures in different functional areas of cities in arid regions

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