基于GEE的大青山国家级自然保护区NDVI变化及影响因素分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.584

干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 1279-1290.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.584

基于GEE的大青山国家级自然保护区NDVI变化及影响因素分析

艾丽亚¹(),王永芳^1,^2,³(),郭恩亮^1,²,银山^1,⁴,顾锡羚¹

1.内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010022
2.内蒙古自治区蒙古高原灾害与生态安全重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010022
3.蒙古高原气候变化与区域响应高校重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010022
4.内蒙古自治区遥感与地理信息系统重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010022

收稿日期:2022-11-08 修回日期:2022-12-11 出版日期:2023-08-25 发布日期:2023-09-21
通讯作者: 王永芳（1986-），女，博士，副教授，主要从事气候变化、生态灾害监测与风险评估. E-mail: wangyongfang@imnu.edu.cn
作者简介:艾丽亚（1994-），女，硕士，主要从事土地利用与生态系统服务研究. E-mail: 13734842217@163.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划项目(NJYT22028);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD004503);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFSH0070)

NDVI change and its influencing factors of Daqingshan National Nature Reserve based on GEE

AI Liya¹(),WANG Yongfang^1,^2,³(),GUO Enliang^1,²,YIN Shan^1,⁴,GU Xiling¹

1. College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China
2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disaster and Ecological Security on the Mongolian Plateau, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China
3. Provincial Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau’s Climate System, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China
4. Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2022-11-08 Revised:2022-12-11 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-09-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

区域植被动态变化研究是国家级自然保护区生态环境效益评估的重要手段之一。基于谷歌地球引擎（Google Earth Engine，GEE）云平台，使用Landsat遥感影像提取1995—2020年内蒙古大青山国家级自然保护区逐年植被生长季归一化植被指数（Normalized difference vegetation index，NDVI）数据集，采用皮尔逊相关性、残差分析和Lindeman-Merenda-Gold（LMG）模型等方法对该保护区设立前后的NDVI时空变化特征及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明：（1）1995—2008年NDVI呈下降趋势的区域面积占比为69.04%，而在2008—2020年NDVI呈上升趋势的区域占比高达94.98%，研究区成为国家级自然保护区以后植被明显好转。（2）1995—2008年负向人类活动与气候暖干化趋势导致实验区植被NDVI的减少，其中气候暖干化趋势是主导因素。（3）降水量的增加和正向人类活动驱动了2008—2020年实验区植被NDVI的增加。其中，以生态环境保护工程为代表的正向人类活动是该时间段植被恢复的主要原因。研究结果可为大青山国家级自然保护区环境治理与生态工程建设提供科学依据。

关键词: GEE, NDVI, 气候变化, 人类活动, 自然保护区

Abstract:

In recent years, China has made great progress in the construction and management of national nature reserves such as the Daqingshan National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia. However, the associated ecological benefits have not been effectively assessed. The purpose of this study is to assess whether the establishment of the Daqingshan National Nature Reserve has contributed to the ecological recovery and improvement of the area. Examining changes in vegetation dynamics can be an effective tool for regional ecological engineering assessment, and this study analyzes such changes using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, the study uses Landsat remote sensing imagery to extract NDVI data for the nature reserve for the years 1995 to 2020. Spatial and temporal variation in NDVI and variation drivers before and after the establishment of the reserve were analyzed using Pearson correlation, residual analysis and the Lindeman-Merenda-Gold (LMG) model. A decreasing NDVI trend was identified during the 1995—2008 period in 69.04% of the studied area, while an increasing NDVI trend was identified during the 2008—2020 period in 94.98% of the studied area. These results indicate that the quality of vegetation in the study area has improved significantly since it became a national nature reserve. Negative impacts from human activities and climatic warming during the 1995—2008 period led to decreases in NDVI in the studied area, with climate warming being the dominant factor. An increase in precipitation and positive impacts from human activities drove increases in NDVI in the studied area during the 2008—2020 period, with positive human impacts arising from ecological-environmental protection engineering implementation being the main reasons for vegetation recovery during this period. The selection of Landsat remote sensing images and the use of the GEE integrated computing environment enabled the study to obtain vegetation monitoring data over a long time span and at a high spatial resolution. Spatiotemporal variation in vegetation was also more accurately portrayed using the NDVI measure, thereby enriching the technical means for long time-sequence and small region-scale vegetation monitoring. The results of this study provide clear evidence of the ecological benefits brought by the establishment of the Daqingshan National Nature Reserve. At the same time, the study provides basic information and technical support for future ecological-environmental management decisions concerning the protected area.

Key words: Google Earth Engine, NDVI, climate change, human activities, National Nature Reserve

艾丽亚, 王永芳, 郭恩亮, 银山, 顾锡羚. 基于GEE的大青山国家级自然保护区NDVI变化及影响因素分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(8): 1279-1290.

AI Liya, WANG Yongfang, GUO Enliang, YIN Shan, GU Xiling. NDVI change and its influencing factors of Daqingshan National Nature Reserve based on GEE[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(8): 1279-1290.

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年份		分区	非显著减少		显著减少		稳定不变		非显著增加		显著增加
年份		分区	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
1995—2008	核心区		659.86	60.26	89.11	8.14	138.99	12.69	193.20	17.64	13.79	1.26
	缓冲区		526.21	64.97	53.80	6.64	93.96	11.60	126.92	15.67	8.99	1.11
	实验区		1196.10	60.29	159.49	8.04	197.22	9.94	393.49	19.83	37.57	1.89
	保护区		2382.17	61.26	302.40	7.78	430.17	11.06	713.61	18.35	60.35	1.55
2008—2020	核心区		35.56	3.25	1.07	0.10	46.96	4.29	678.99	62.01	332.37	30.35
	缓冲区		19.62	2.42	0.76	0.09	23.80	2.94	472.64	58.36	293.06	36.19
	实验区		28.86	1.45	1.97	0.10	36.39	1.83	1046.07	52.73	870.58	43.88
	保护区		84.04	2.16	3.80	0.10	107.15	2.76	2197.70	56.51	1496.01	38.47

年份		分区	显著负相关		非显著负相关		显著正相关		非显著正相关
年份		分区	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
1995—2008	核心区		0.14	0.01	28.07	2.56	173.66	15.86	893.08	81.56
	缓冲区		0.37	0.05	18.62	2.30	136.84	16.90	654.05	80.76
	实验区		0.37	0.02	45.86	2.31	410.48	20.69	1527.15	76.98
	保护区		0.87	0.02	92.56	2.38	721.02	18.54	3074.25	79.06
2008—2020	核心区		0.13	0.01	45.09	4.12	209.50	19.13	840.23	76.74
	缓冲区		0.16	0.02	30.37	3.75	158.57	19.58	620.78	76.65
	实验区		0.34	0.02	54.32	2.74	587.35	29.61	1341.86	67.64
	保护区		0.63	0.02	129.77	3.34	955.50	24.57	2802.80	72.08

年份		分区	显著负相关		非显著负相关		显著正相关		非显著正相关
年份		分区	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
1995—2008	核心区		449.04	41.01	623.33	56.93	0.12	0.01	22.46	2.05
	缓冲区		335.83	41.47	459.06	56.68	0.24	0.03	14.76	1.82
	实验区		838.55	42.27	1101.95	55.55	0.22	0.01	43.15	2.17
	保护区		1623.42	41.75	2184.33	56.17	0.58	0.01	80.37	2.07
2008—2020	核心区		0.08	0.01	134.77	12.31	26.26	2.40	933.84	85.29
	缓冲区		0.11	0.01	98.12	12.12	17.38	2.15	694.27	85.72
	实验区		0.38	0.02	309.42	15.60	17.67	0.89	1656.41	83.49
	保护区		0.57	0.01	542.34	13.95	61.30	1.58	3284.50	84.46

残差趋势	1995—2008年		2008—2020年
残差趋势	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
抑制	671.34	33.84	55.35	2.79
无影响	289.46	14.59	51.40	2.59
促进	1023.07	51.57	1877.12	94.62

基于GEE的大青山国家级自然保护区NDVI变化及影响因素分析

NDVI change and its influencing factors of Daqingshan National Nature Reserve based on GEE

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