Abstract: Affected by human activities, the natural ecology environment and water quality of the Tarim River have been deteriorating in recent years. By the data of the hydrological observation stations in the Tarim river, the paper describes the accumulation curve of annual runoff which is divided into two parts in the various periods, one is not affected by human activities, the other is affected by human activities. A correlation is founded between the accumulation values of the total annual runoff of the hydrological stations in the tributaries of Tarim River and that of the stations in the trunk of Tarim River unaffected by human activities. The data of annual runoff change influenced by human activities are calculated in various reaches within the Tarim River. On the other hand, the annual runoff accumulation value of present time affected by human activities is different from that of 1970 s and before. Compared with the data of 1970 s, the annual runoff reduces 16.59% in 1990 s in Alaer Hydrological Observation Station, it reduces 21.67% in Xinquman Hydrological Observation Station and 73.4% in Qiala Hydrological Observation Station. The more it reaches the lower part of the river, the more runoff value is reduced. It will be an important task to protect and use water resource rationally in the future.

Key words: Tarim River, annual runoff, ecological environment