塔里木河流域水储量变化及绿洲生态安全评估

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.247

Abstract

Abstract:

Oases are unique and ecologically sensitive landscape types in arid and semiarid regions and play a crucial role in sustaining human survival and socioeconomic development. However, climatic changes and human activities are causing drastic changes to water resources and the oasis eco-environment. This study analyzes terrestrial water storage changes and assesses the ecological security of oases in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang, China. The assessment was performed using the fraction of vegetation cover, a remote sensing ecological index, and net primary productivity (NPP) using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach. The analysis used moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer satellite images, GRACE data, land use data, and climatic gridded and observed data from 2002 to 2020. The results indicate the following: (1) Terrestrial water storage in the Tarim River Basin decreased at a rate of 0.27 mm per month. Spatially, terrestrial water storage in the northern and western regions of the Tarim River Basin exhibited a negative trend, whereas that in the southern regions of the Basin showed a positive trend. (2) The total oasis area in the Tarim River Basin expanded by 6.49% (0.42×10⁴ km²) from 2000 to 2020. The ecological security of the basin improved, and the eco-environment ranged from poor to general grade. Approximately 69% of the region’s eco-environment improved, whereas the area of ecological degradation was less than 5%. The normalized difference vegetation index increased from 0.13 in 2000 to 0.16 in 2020, the fraction of vegetation cover increased by 36.79%, and the NPP expanded by 31.55% in the past 20 years. (3) Rising temperatures and precipitation contributed to increased downstream river runoff and spatiotemporal variability of water resources in the Tarim River Basin. However, human activities are a key factor in the expansion of oases.

Key words: terrestrial water storage, oasis dynamic change, evaluation of oasis ecological security, Tarim River Basin

ZHANG Qifei, CHEN Yaning, SUN Congjian, XIANG Yanyun, HAO Haichao. Changes in terrestrial water storage and evaluation of oasis ecological security in the Tarim River Basin[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(1): 1-14.

Figures/Tables 9

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水系序号	流域	绿洲范围面积/km²	水文站	流域面积/km²	年均径流量/10⁸ m³	冰川占比/%
1	开孔河（开都河-博斯腾湖）	6901.08	大山口	19022	41.65	1.21
1	开孔河（孔雀河）	4074.80	塔什店	33200	14.44	0.00
2	迪那河	1882.67	迪那河	5193	1.95	0.43
3	渭干-库车河	9415.49	黑孜、卡拉苏、拜城、卡木鲁克、破城子、托克逊	10774	29.67	15.12
4	阿克苏河	15634.70	协合拉、沙里桂兰克	50000	79.89	3.52
5	喀什噶尔河	16025.20	恰其嘎、卡浪沟吕克、维他克、克勒克、卡拉贝利、沙曼	28659	66.52	5.80
6	叶尔羌河	17410.10	卡群	50248	67.85	1.45
7	和田河	9066.15	乌鲁瓦提、同古孜洛克	34558	46.08	5.34
8	策勒-克里雅河	4115.07	策勒	9390	9.78	5.23
9	车尔臣河	5408.91	且末	26822	6.63	1.98

Changes in terrestrial water storage and evaluation of oasis ecological security in the Tarim River Basin

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