基于GEE优选遥感干旱指数的内蒙古干旱时空特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.729

干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 1903-1912.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.729 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024729

基于GEE优选遥感干旱指数的内蒙古干旱时空特征

陈先林¹(), 闫志远¹(), 刘全明¹^,², 李瑞平¹, 张圣微¹^,²^,³

1.内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010018
2.黄河流域内蒙段水资源与水环境综合治理自治区协同创新中心，内蒙古呼和浩特 010018
3.内蒙古自治区水资源保护与利用重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010018

收稿日期:2024-12-05 修回日期:2025-01-03 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-26
通讯作者: 闫志远（1983-），男，博士，讲师，主要从事GIS空间分析与遥感云计算等方面的研究. E-mail: yanzy@imau.edu.cn
作者简介:陈先林（2000-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事遥感旱情监测等方面的研究. E-mail: chenxl@emails.imau.edu.cn
基金资助:
内蒙古农业大学青年教师科研能力提升专项(BR230159);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY21466);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0072);内蒙古自治区教育厅一流学科科研专项(YLXKZX-NND-010);内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划(NMGIRT2313)

Spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in Inner Mongolia based on GEE and optimal remote sensing drought index

CHEN Xianlin¹(), YAN Zhiyuan¹(), LIU Quanming¹^,², LI Ruiping¹, ZHANG Shengwei¹^,²^,³

1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
2. Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
3. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2024-12-05 Revised:2025-01-03 Published:2025-11-25 Online:2025-11-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用遥感云计算技术科学揭示农业干旱的时空特征对推进生态文明建设和农牧业可持续发展具有重要意义。以内蒙古自治区为研究对象，基于谷歌地球引擎（GEE）利用多源遥感、气象数据构建研究区1982—2021年多种遥感干旱指数年尺度时间序列，对比分析归一化植被供水指数（NVSWI）、作物缺水指数（CWSI）、温度植被旱情指数（TVDI）、植被状况指数（VCI）和温度状况指数（TCI）对农业干旱的表征能力，并基于优选指数分析1982—2021年内蒙古的干旱时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）CWSI对农业干旱的表征能力明显优于其他4种干旱指数。（2）1982—2021年的CWSI总体呈下降趋势，变化不显著区域面积占比77.5%；极显著下降区域面积占比9.4%，而显著上升区域面积占比9.4%。（3）干旱程度自西向东北逐步减轻，其中中旱区域面积比例最高，占比77.55%；其次为重旱和特旱区域，面积占比分别为26.38%和23.07%；轻旱和无旱区域面积比例最低，面积占比分别为18.35%和2.95%。不同气候类型中CWSI与年均标准化降水蒸散指数的相关性具有显著差异，其中冷性草原气候、热夏冬干冷温气候及温夏冬干冷温气候呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），而在其余气候类型区域中相关性不显著。研究结果可为内蒙古农牧业生产和干旱预警提供理论支撑和决策依据。

关键词: 遥感, 干旱指数, 作物缺水指数（CWSI）, 谷歌地球引擎, 内蒙古

Abstract:

The scientific revelation of the spatiotemporal characteristics of agricultural drought through remote sensing cloud computing technology is of great significance for promoting ecological civilization and the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Taking the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China as the study area, and based on Google Earth Engine (GEE), various remote sensing drought indices from 1982 to 2021 were constructed using multi-source remote sensing and meteorological data. The representation capabilities of the normalized vegetation supply water index, crop water stress index (CWSI), temperature-vegetation drought index, vegetation condition index, and temperature condition index for agricultural drought were compared, and the spatiotemporal variation of drought in Inner Mongolia from 1982 to 2021 was analyzed. The results show that: (1) CWSI exhibits significantly better representation ability for agricultural drought than the other four indices. (2) The CWSI from 1982 to 2021 shows a general downward trend, with areas of insignificant change accounting for 77.5%, extremely significant decline accounting for 9.4%, and significant increase also accounting for 9.4%. (3) Drought severity gradually decreases from west to northeast. Among the drought categories, moderate drought accounts for the highest proportion (77.55%), followed by severe drought (26.38%) and extreme drought (23.07%); light drought and no-drought areas are the smallest, accounting for 18.35% and 2.95%, respectively. The correlation between CWSI and the annual average standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index differs significantly across climate types. Cold grassland climate, hot-summer winter-dry cold-temperate climate, and warm-summer winter-dry cold-temperate climate show an extremely significant negative correlation (P<0.01), while correlations in other climate types are not significant. These findings provide theoretical support and a decision-making basis for agricultural production and drought early warning in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: remote sensing, drought index, crop water shortage index (CWSI), Google Earth Engine, Inner Mongolia

陈先林, 闫志远, 刘全明, 李瑞平, 张圣微. 基于GEE优选遥感干旱指数的内蒙古干旱时空特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(11): 1903-1912.

CHEN Xianlin, YAN Zhiyuan, LIU Quanming, LI Ruiping, ZHANG Shengwei. Spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in Inner Mongolia based on GEE and optimal remote sensing drought index[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(11): 1903-1912.

图/表 14

图1

表1

表2

遥感干旱指数计算方法"

遥感干旱指数	计算方法	参数说明
归一化植被供水指数（NVSWI）	$V S W I = N D V I L S T$ ， $N V S W I = V S W I - V S W I m i n V S W I m a x - V S W I m i n$	NDVI为归一化植被指数；LST为地表温度（℃）；VSWI为植被供水指数； $V S W I m i n$ 和 $V S W I m a x$ 分别为研究期内该像元植被供水指数的最小值和最大值
作物缺水指数（CWSI）	$C W S I = 1 - E T P E T$	ET为实际蒸散发（mm）；PET为潜在蒸散发（mm）
温度植被旱情指数（TVDI）	$T V D I = T s - T s m i n T s m a x - T s m i n$ ， $T s m a x = a + b × N D V I$ ， $T s m i n = c + d × N D V I$	$T s$ 为地表温度（℃）； $T s m a x$ 和 $T s m i n$ 分别为归一化植被指数的干湿边地表温度（℃）；a、b、c、d为干湿边线性拟合方程的系数
植被状况指数（VCI）	$V C I = N D V I - N D V I m i n N D V I m a x - N D V I m i n$	$N D V I m i n$ 和 $N D V I m a x$ 分别为研究期内该像元归一化植被指数的最小值和最大值
温度状况指数（TCI）	$T C I = L S T m a x - L S T L S T m a x - L S T m i n$	$L S T m i n$ 和 $L S T m a x$ 分别为研究期内该像元地表温度的最小值和最大值（℃）

表2

表3

图2

表4

图3

表5

图4

表6

图5

图6

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数据	来源	年份	空间分辨率	时间分辨率
归一化植被指数（NDVI）	美国国家海洋与大气管理局AVHRR NDVI数据集（https://www.ncei.noaa.gov）	1982—2021	0.05°	1 d
土壤水分（SM）、蒸散发（ET）和潜在蒸散发（PET）	TerraClimate数据集（https://www.climatologylab.org/terraclimate）	1982—2021	4.6 km	逐月
地表温度（LST）	ERA5-Land再分析数据集（https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp）	1982—2021	0.1°	逐月
标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）	全球标准化降水蒸散指数格网数据集2.9版本（https://spei.csic.es/）	1982—2021	0.5°	逐月

Sen斜率值（S）	P值	变化趋势分级
S>0	P<0.01	极显著升高
S>0	0.01≤P<0.05	显著升高
S=0	P>0.05	无显著变化
S<0	0.01≤P<0.05	显著降低
S<0	P<0.01	极显著降低

气候类型	TCI	CWSI	VCI	NVSWI	TVDI
冷性草原气候	0.328	-0.663	0.183	0.272	-0.301
冷性荒漠气候	0.386	-0.649	0.213	0.279	-0.326
热夏冬干冷温气候	0.575	-0.601	0.311	0.304	-0.233
温夏冬干冷温气候	0.461	-0.630	0.252	0.289	-0.289
冷夏冬干冷温气候	0.502	-0.620	0.274	0.295	-0.269
全区	0.401	-0.653	0.221	0.284	-0.304

干旱等级	冷性草原气候	冷性荒漠气候	热夏冬干冷温气候	温夏冬干冷温气候	冷夏冬干冷温气候	全区
无旱	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.50	15.71	2.95
轻旱	0.20	0.00	36.64	35.49	82.48	18.35
中旱	46.55	0.01	63.36	58.60	1.81	29.25
重旱	52.96	22.44	0.00	1.41	0.00	26.38
特旱	0.29	77.55	0.00	0.00	0.00	23.07

基于GEE优选遥感干旱指数的内蒙古干旱时空特征

Spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in Inner Mongolia based on GEE and optimal remote sensing drought index

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等级	CWSI	干旱类型
1	0.0~0.6	无旱
2	0.6~0.7	轻旱
3	0.7~0.8	中旱
4	0.8~0.9	重旱
5	0.9~1.0	特旱

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