基于POI数据的内蒙古公共文化设施空间结构与影响因素

摘要/Abstract

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.225

摘要：

科学规划公共文化设施布局对于完善公共文化服务体系、满足人民群众对高质量精神生活的需求至为关键。基于POI数据和ArcGIS 10.8软件平台，运用数理统计、最近邻指数、核密度估计和地理探测器等手段，多尺度揭示内蒙古公共文化设施的空间结构及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）全域尺度上，公共文化设施数量分布不均且差距突出，各类公共文化设施分布呈集聚性，密度分布以“阿拉善左旗-扎赉特旗”为界呈现南部密度高、北部密度低的特征。（2）地区尺度上，蒙西、蒙中、蒙东均为集聚分布，且非均衡性突出，蒙中地区公共文化设施数量和密度显著超过蒙东地区和蒙西地区。（3）盟市尺度上，设施数量相差悬殊，“呼包鄂”集聚特征显著，乌海市、乌兰察布市和巴彦淖尔市集聚特征次之，赤峰市、通辽市和兴安盟的集聚程度稍低，锡林郭勒盟和呼伦贝尔市的集聚程度更弱，阿拉善盟则以零星点缀的形式分布。（4）内蒙古公共文化设施空间结构是经济、文化、社会、自然多因素交互作用、协同推进的结果，各因素交互作用产生了“1+1>2”的非线性增强或双因子增强效应。

关键词: 公共文化设施, POI数据, 空间结构, 内蒙古

Abstract:

Scientific planning of public cultural facility layouts is essential for enhancing public cultural service systems and addressing the population’s demand for a high-quality spiritual life. Utilizing point-of-interest (POI) data and the ArcGIS 10.8 software platform, this study employs methods such as mathematical statistics, nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, and geographical detectors to analyze the spatial structure and influencing factors of public cultural facilities in Inner Mongolia of China across multiple scales. The results indicate the following: (1) At the provincial scale, public cultural facilities are unevenly distributed, exhibiting significant gaps and clustering patterns across various facility types. High-density areas are concentrated in the south, while low-density areas dominate the north, with the “Alagxa Left Banner-Jalaid Banner” line serving as a demarcation. (2) At the regional scale, distributions in west, central, and east Mongolia are clustered, displaying pronounced inequities. Central Mongolia surpasses east and west Mongolia significantly in the number and density of public cultural facilities. (3) At the league and city scale, facility numbers vary markedly, with the “Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos” region demonstrating a high degree of clustering, followed by Wuhai, Ulanqab, and Bayannur cities. Clustering diminishes slightly in Chifeng City, Tongliao City, and Hinggan League and is even weaker in Xilin Gol League and Hulun Buir City. Alagxa League displays a scattered distribution. (4) The spatial structure of public cultural facilities in Inner Mongolia arises from the synergistic interactions of economic, cultural, social, and natural factors. These interactions generate nonlinear enhancement or dual-factor enhancement effects, producing outcomes where “1+1>2”.

Key words: public cultural facilities, POI data, spatial structure, Inner Mongolia

于亚娟. 基于POI数据的内蒙古公共文化设施空间结构与影响因素[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(3): 528-538.

YU Yajuan. Spatial structure and influencing factors of public cultural facilities in Inner Mongolia based on POI data[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(3): 528-538.

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分布类型	平均最近邻指数	Z得分	P值
博物馆	0.3702	-165.9097	0.0000
科技馆	0.6472	-4.0501	0.0001
美术馆	0.4980	-7.4396	0.0000
群艺馆	0.6206	-3.5555	0.0004
图书馆	0.3613	-16.2089	0.0000
文化宫	0.3770	-15.0279	0.0000
文化馆	0.4556	-14.9133	0.0000
展览馆	0.4148	-11.7946	0.0000
总数	0.1980	-47.7341	0.0000

分析框架	具体指标	指标释义	q值	解释力排序
经济	GDP（X₁）	表征经济规模和增长情况	0.71^***	1
	第三产业GDP占比（X₂）	表征经济结构和发展水平	0.25^***	9
	人均可支配收入（X₃）	表征居民消费能力	0.31^***	8
	公共预算收入（X₄）	表征政府财政收入状况	0.59^***	3
	夜间灯光数据（X₅）	表征经济活跃程度	0.41^***	6
社会	年末户籍人口（X₆）	表征人口规模	0.18^**	12
	公路里程（X₇）	表征交通基础设施情况	0.23^***	10
	行政区面积（X₈）	表征行政区划大小	0.08^*	15
	城镇化率（X₉）	表征社会发展程度	0.19^***	11
文化	中小学校数（X₁₀）	表征全民教育程度	0.34^***	7
	影剧院数（X₁₁）	表征文化产业的发展状况	0.55^***	4
	文体娱乐业就业人数（X₁₂）	表征文化活力和多样性	0.68^***	2
	平均受教育年限（X₁₃）	表征教育发展水平	0.41^***	5
自然	建成区绿化覆盖率（X₁₄）	表征居民生活环境质量	0.16^***	13
	PM_2.5（X₁₅）	表征空气污染水平	0.14^**	14
	污水处理率（X₁₆）	表征居民生活环境质量	0.08	-
	平均降水量（X₁₇）	表征人居环境气候条件	0.03	-