基于分形理论的陇东地区沟谷发育特征及影响因素分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.262

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄土高原因其易被流水侵蚀的土壤特性，经常遭受沟谷溯源侵蚀而造成耕地面积减小并诱发地质灾害等一系列问题。基于高精度遥感影像和DEM，提取了沟谷网络及其特征参数，分析了沟谷之间的相互影响关系和发育特征。通过计算流域沟谷的盒维数和沟沿线的边界维数，对沟谷侵蚀发育的复杂程度进行了综合评价。同时，基于盒维数和边界维数，研究了沟谷流域的发育过程及其侵蚀的空间分布规律。研究发现：（1）在发育次一级的沟谷时，沟谷顺流方向单侧有110°的可发育区间。（2） a流域的侵蚀发育程度最复杂，b次之，c最小；b流域的沟沿线最复杂，a次之，c最简单；c流域的沟谷侵蚀发育程度从SW向NE递增。（3）地质构造是影响着沟谷发育程度的主要因素之一；高程越高，黄土厚度越薄，植被越稀少，沟谷侵蚀发育程度越高。研究结果可为陇东地区水土保持治理提供指导建议。

关键词: 沟谷发育, 遥感解译, 分形理论, 影响因素, 陇东地区

Abstract:

The Loess Plateau, characterized by soil highly susceptible to erosion from flowing water, frequently experiences gully backward erosion, leading to reduced arable land and a series of geologic hazards. Using high-resolution remote sensing imagery and DEM, the gully network and its characteristic parameters were extracted to analyze the interaction relationships and development characteristics of gullies. The complexity of gully erosion and development was comprehensively evaluated through the box dimension of the watershed gully and the boundary dimension of the gully ridgeline. Additionally, the development process and spatial distribution patterns of erosion in the gully watershed were examined based on the box and boundary dimensions. The results demonstrated that: (1) In secondary-level valley development, there exists a 110° developable interval on one downstream side. (2) Watershed b exhibits the most complex erosion development, followed by watershed a, and then watershed c; along valley slopes, watershed b has the most intricate boundary dimension, followed by watershed a, and then watershed c. The degree of watershed gully erosion increases from southwest to northeast for watershed c. (3) Geological structure significantly influences the degree of gully development, with higher elevation, thinner loess thickness, sparser vegetation, and greater gully erosion. This study offers guiding recommendations for soil and water conservation management in eastern Gansu Province.

Key words: gully development, remote sensing interpretation, fractal theory, influencing factors, eastern Gansu Province

唐延东, 臧翠萍, 于云鹏, 余青霖. 基于分形理论的陇东地区沟谷发育特征及影响因素分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(2): 223-233.

TANG Yandong, ZANG Cuiping, YU Yunpeng, YU Qinglin. Developmental characteristics and influencing factors of gullies based on fractal theory in eastern Gansu Province[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(2): 223-233.

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流域	沟谷与其次一级沟谷	沟谷夹角区间（80%置信度）
a	主沟与一级支沟	57°~90°
a	一级支沟与二级支沟	58°~90°
b	主沟与一级支沟	50°~90°
b	一级支沟与二级支沟	58°~90°
c	主沟与一级支沟	50°~90°
c	一级支沟与二级支沟	55°~90°