1982—2017年典型干旱年的中国GPP变化

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.078

干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 1577-1590.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.078

1982—2017年典型干旱年的中国GPP变化

曹玉娟^1,²(),司文洋^1,²,杜自强^1,²,梁寒雪^1,²,雷添杰³,孙斌⁴,武志涛^1,²()

1.山西大学黄土高原研究所，山西太原 030006
2.山西省黄河实验室，山西太原 030006
3.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，北京 100081
4.中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所，北京 100091

收稿日期:2023-02-23 修回日期:2023-03-06 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-11-10
通讯作者: 武志涛（1985-），男，博士，教授，主要从事区域生态学、全球生态学、“3S”技术的应用等方面的研究. E-mail: wuzhitao@sxu.edu.cn
作者简介:曹玉娟（1997-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事陆地生态系统与全球变化等方面的研究. E-mail: 2409951683@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41977412);山西省科技创新人才团队专项(202204051001010)

Changes in GPP of China during the typical drought years from 1982 to 2017

CAO Yujuan^1,²(),SI Wenyang^1,²,DU Ziqiang^1,²,LIANG Hanxue^1,²,LEI Tianjie³,SUN Bin⁴,WU Zhitao^1,²()

1. Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
2. Shanxi Yellow River Laboratory, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
3. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
4. Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2023-02-23 Revised:2023-03-06 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-11-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱导致的总初级生产力（GPP）的减少会对陆地碳汇产生重大影响。基于全国618个站点的月气象数据计算的标准降水蒸散指数（SPEI）和2套公开的GPP数据集（EC-LUE GPP和GLASS GPP），系统分析了中国1982—2017年典型干旱年的GPP在不同时间尺度下受不同程度干旱影响的变化。结果表明：（1）基于SPEI的5个选取指标，选出1982—2017年典型干旱的年份为2001年和2011年。（2）在年和季节尺度上，2001年的GPP受干旱影响严重区域主要在华北、东北和中东部地区的北部，2011年主要集中在西南地区的东南部和中东部地区。月尺度上，2001年5月的GPP受干旱影响最严重，主要集中在华北和东北的大部分区域。2011年1月GPP受干旱影响最为严重，主要集中在中东部地区的大部分区域。（3）无论是年、季节还是月尺度，随着干旱程度的加重，导致GPP的下降率越大，极端干旱的影响最大。从季节尺度看，2001年夏季极端干旱造成GPP下降率分别为19.96%（EC-LUE GPP）和15.57%（GLASS GPP）；2011年春季极端干旱造成GPP下降率分别为14.32%（EC-LUE GPP）和8.75%（GLASS GPP）。研究结果可进一步加深不同时间尺度下不同等级干旱对GPP影响的认识，对了解干旱条件下陆地与大气之间的碳交换具有重要意义。

关键词: 典型干旱, 标准化降水蒸散指数, 总初级生产力, 中国

Abstract:

The reduction in gross primary productivity (GPP) resulting from drought can significantly impact the terrestrial carbon sink. Based on the standard precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) calculated from the monthly meteorological data of 618 sites from the entire country and two publicly available GPP datasets (i.e., EC-LUE GPP and GLASS GPP, respectively), changes in the GPP affected on different scales by different degrees of drought in a typical drought year during 1982—2017 (2001 and 2011) in China were analyzed systematically. The results revealed that: (1) Based on the five selected indicators of the SPEI, the typical drought years during 1982—2017 were selected as 2001 and 2011. (2) On the annual and seasonal scales, the drought-affected GPP in 2001 was observed mainly in north China, northeast China, and the northern part of middle east region of China, as well as in the southeast and middle east of the southwest region of China in 2011. On the monthly scale, the GPP in May 2001 was the most severely affected by drought, mainly concentrated in most of north China and northeast China; however, in January 2011, the GPP was mainly concentrated in majority of the middle east region of China. (3) Irrespective of the annual, seasonal, or monthly scale, with the increase in the degree of drought, the decline rate of GPP was higher, and the impact of extreme drought was the highest. For example, on the seasonal scale, the decline in the GPP during extreme drought in the summer of 2001 was 19.96% (EC-LUE GPP) and 15.57% (GLASS GPP), and the decline in the GPP during extreme drought in the spring of 2011 was 14.32% (EC-LUE GPP) and 8.75% (GLASS GPP). The results revealed can further deepen the understanding of the effect of different grades of drought on GPP, which is key for understanding the exchange of carbon between the land and atmosphere under drought conditions.

Key words: typical drought, standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, gross primary productivity, China

曹玉娟, 司文洋, 杜自强, 梁寒雪, 雷添杰, 孙斌, 武志涛. 1982—2017年典型干旱年的中国GPP变化[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(10): 1577-1590.

CAO Yujuan, SI Wenyang, DU Ziqiang, LIANG Hanxue, LEI Tianjie, SUN Bin, WU Zhitao. Changes in GPP of China during the typical drought years from 1982 to 2017[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(10): 1577-1590.

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指标	选取年份
SPEI最小的4 a	2001、2004、2009、2011
发生干旱站点百分比最大的4 a	2001（47.4%）、2004（48.1%）、2009（47.7%）、2011（48.9%）
轻度干旱站点百分比超过50%	-
中度干旱站点百分比超过20%	1986（20.6%）
重度干旱站点百分比超过10%	1997（10.8%）、2001（10.0%）、2011（13.3%）

干旱等级	2001年		2011年
干旱等级	EC-LUE GPP占比	GLASS GPP占比	EC-LUE GPP占比	GLASS GPP占比
轻度干旱	-7.77	-6.87	-7.00	-6.49
中度干旱	-8.77	-7.09	-7.33	-5.94
重度干旱	-14.04	-10.12	-9.41	-7.16
极端干旱	-21.77	-16.01	-9.69	-6.72

季节	GPP类型	2001年				2011年
季节	GPP类型	轻度干旱	中度干旱	重度干旱	极端干旱	轻度干旱	中度干旱	重度干旱	极端干旱
春季	EC-LUE GPP	-12.34	-12.71	-9.47	-9.52	-9.25	-12.31	-13.23	-14.32
春季	GLASS GPP	-10.86	-10.38	-6.99	-7.16	-7.25	-8.98	-8.28	-8.75
夏季	EC-LUE GPP	-11.89	-12.66	-18.61	-19.96	-6.62	-8.95	-9.01	-9.41
夏季	GLASS GPP	-10.17	-10.15	-13.47	-15.57	-8.72	-6.75	-6.72	-4.89
秋季	EC-LUE GPP	-7.12	-8.68	-14.03	-10.16	-4.53	-6.54	-6.62	-9.23
秋季	GLASS GPP	-5.71	-7.21	-13.78	-9.39	-5.61	-6.08	-8.34	0.00

月份	GPP类型	轻度干旱	中度干旱	重度干旱	极端干旱
5	EC-LUE GPP	-18.80	-22.54	-22.74	-22.91
5	GLASS GPP	-15.63	-22.10	-15.17	-15.43
6	EC-LUE GPP	-10.66	-18.59	-20.17	-15.48
6	GLASS GPP	-8.35	-13.29	-12.12	-9.64
7	EC-LUE GPP	-13.48	-13.91	-15.88	-19.42
7	GLASS GPP	-11.37	-11.19	-13.82	-17.31
8	EC-LUE GPP	-11.38	-12.50	-18.61	-18.62
8	GLASS GPP	-10.94	-12.02	-17.52	-14.81
9	EC-LUE GPP	-9.23	-11.43	-18.13	-17.64
9	GLASS GPP	-8.31	-9.77	-15.94	-16.29

月份	GPP类型	轻度干旱	中度干旱	重度干旱	极端干旱
1	EC-LUE GPP	-48.46	-86.29	-91.99	-97.91
1	GLASS GPP	-51.16	-86.68	-91.86	-97.89
4	EC-LUE GPP	-10.35	-15.32	-16.75	-17.36
4	GLASS GPP	-9.23	-9.96	-10.59	-11.28
5	EC-LUE GPP	-9.61	-12.88	-13.17	-14.80
5	GLASS GPP	-6.92	-8.83	-8.12	-10.00
6	EC-LUE GPP	-11.10	-10.62	-12.90	-18.31
6	GLASS GPP	-9.23	-7.26	-7.31	-8.42
7	EC-LUE GPP	-8.31	-8.80	-9.20	-5.46
7	GLASS GPP	-7.58	-6.56	-6.57	-2.89
8	EC-LUE GPP	-10.97	-12.28	-15.78	-12.14
8	GLASS GPP	-9.27	-8.32	-9.94	-6.54

1982—2017年典型干旱年的中国GPP变化

Changes in GPP of China during the typical drought years from 1982 to 2017

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