基于PML-V2数据集的中国蒸散发时空动态特征分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.476

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

陆地蒸散发是陆-气水热交换的重要过程，是全球水分运移及能量转换中重要的一环。识别蒸散发的时空动态特征对研究区域水循环和能量转换具有重要意义。此次研究利用9个通量站观测数据，对比分析了3种全球蒸散发产品（GLEAM、MOD16以及PML-V2）在中国区域的适用性。在此基础上，选取在中国区域适宜性最佳的地表蒸散发产品数据，对2003—2020年中国地表蒸散发时空动态特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1） PML-V2蒸散发产品在中国区域的适用性最佳。（2）在时间上，中国蒸散发在研究时间段呈增长趋势;空间上，研究时间段由西北到东南总体呈增加趋势。（3）基于Hurst指数分析的未来中国蒸散发变化状况，预期将与过去表现相反趋势，即过去总体呈增长趋势，未来蒸散发会下降。此次研究通过对中国地表蒸散发时空动态特征进行分析，以期为区域水资源利用及优化配置提供参考借鉴。

关键词: 蒸散发, 适宜性, 动态特征, 中国

Abstract:

Terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) is an important process of land-atmosphere exchange and an important link in the global water migration and energy transfer system. Identifying the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of ET is of great significance in the study of regional water cycle and energy conversion. In this study, we compared the appropriateness of the three different ET products (GLEAM, MOD16, and PML-V2) in China using the flux data of nine tower stations in the country. We used the dataset of ET products between 2003 and 2020 to analyze the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of evapotranspiration in China. The results showed the following: (1) The ET products of PML-V2 is the most suitable for China. (2) On the time scale, ET gradually increased during the research period. On the spatial scale, ET exhibited an increasing tendency during 2003—2020 from northwest to southeast of China. (3) According to the Hurst index, the future ET of the whole nation is expected to show the opposite trend compared to the past. This means that ET increased in the past but is expected to decrease in the future. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of ET in China, which could provide a reference for regional water resources utilization and optimal allocation.

Key words: evapotranspiration, appropriateness, dynamic characteristic, China

魏涛, 王云权. 基于PML-V2数据集的中国蒸散发时空动态特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(6): 857-867.

WEI Tao, WANG Yunquan. Temporal and spatial dynamic analysis of terrestrial evapotranspiration in China based on PML-V2 product[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(6): 857-867.

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站点ID	站点名	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	土地覆盖类型	年份
CN-Cha	长白山	128.0958	42.4025	混生林	2003—2005
CN-Cng	长岭	123.5092	44.5934	草地	2007—2010
CN-Dan	当雄	91.0664	30.4978	草地	2004—2005
CN-Din	鼎湖山	112.5361	23.1733	常绿阔叶林	2003—2005
CN-Du2	多伦草地	116.2836	42.0467	草地	2006—2008
CN-Du3	多伦退化草甸	116.2809	42.0551	草地	2009—2010
CN-Ha2	海北灌丛	101.3269	37.6086	湿地	2003—2005
CN-HaM	西藏海北高山站	101.1800	37.3700	草地	2002—2004
CN-Qia	千烟洲	115.0581	26.7414	常绿针叶林	2003—2005

方法	作用
变异系数法	统计变量各组数据的变异程度，统计分析蒸散发在时间序列上的稳定性，变异系数的大小反应了像元各年份数据间的离散程度。
Theil-Sen Median趋势分析	稳健的非参数统计趋势计算方法，趋势值（β）大于0时，表示正增长趋势，小于0则表示下降趋势。
Mann-Kendall检验	非参数的时间序列趋势性检验方法。在给定显著性水平下，当M-K检验值（Z）的绝对值小于临界值时，即接受原假设，趋势不显著;当Z的绝对值大于临界值时，则拒绝原假设，趋势显著。
赫斯特指数	用来衡量时间序列是否有长期记忆的一个指标，赫斯特指数（H）位于0和1之间，当H为0.5时，序列是随机的，即没有自相关性;当H大于0.5时，序列有很强的正相关性，未来趋势与过去趋势一致;当H小于0.5时，序列有很强的负相关性，未来趋势与过去趋势相反。

分区	面积/10⁴ km²	最小值/mm·a^-1	最大值/mm·a^-1	均值/mm·a^-1	标准差/mm·a^-1	变异系数
北温带区（I）	18.73	38.02	716.72	107.47	24.50	0.23
中温带区（II）	303.49	0.20	2205.41	180.85	108.76	0.60
南温带区（III）	162.77	0.10	2466.08	259.15	215.44	0.83
北亚热带区（IV）	56.76	0.20	2283.38	537.27	232.99	0.43
中亚热带区（V）	120.64	0.20	2462.84	522.95	147.82	0.28
南亚热带区（VI）	38.23	0.10	3422.79	719.66	179.79	0.25
北热带区（VII）	7.60	0.20	3434.04	858.29	203.59	0.24
中热带区（VIII）	0.91	1.01	3382.74	990.66	256.40	0.26
高原气候区（H）	251.41	0.10	2288.14	278.22	207.24	0.74

分区	面积/10⁴ km²	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差
北温带区（I）	18.73	0.09	1.28	0.37	0.16
中温带区（II）	303.49	0.03	4.24	0.35	0.15
南温带区（III）	162.77	0.03	4.24	0.38	0.35
北亚热带区（IV）	56.76	0.00	4.24	0.13	0.06
中亚热带区（V）	120.64	0.00	4.24	0.16	0.08
南亚热带区（VI）	38.23	0.00	4.24	0.13	0.11
北热带区（VII）	7.60	0.03	4.24	0.11	0.07
中热带区（VIII）	0.91	0.03	4.24	0.09	0.21
高原气候区（H）	251.41	0.03	4.24	0.34	0.22

分区	面积/10⁴ km²	B₀	B₁
北温带区（I）	18.73	-5517.40	2.80
中温带区（II）	303.49	161.74	0.01
南温带区（III）	162.77	1645.51	-0.69
北亚热带区（IV）	56.76	-4028.99	2.27
中亚热带区（V）	120.64	-3788.96	2.14
南亚热带区（VI）	38.23	464.99	0.13
北热带区（VII）	7.60	310.23	0.27
中热带区（VIII）	0.91	-699.10	0.84
高原气候区（H）	251.14	-268.73	0.27
全区	961.63	-1302.30	0.89