基于柯本气候分类的1961-2013年我国气候区类型及变化

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 柯本气候分类法是以气温和降水两个气候要素为基础,并参照自然植被分布的一种气候分类法,该分类法系统分明,各气候类型有明确的数量界限,至今仍被广泛采用。近年来,多种气候分类方法被尝试应用于探讨中国气候分类与气候变化,但大多使用的国内的体系和方案,缺乏与国际接轨。采用柯本气候分类法研究近50 a的中国气候,发现中国主要气候带有干带(B)、温暖带(C)、冷温带(D)和以高地气候为主的极地带(E),主要气候型有草原气候(Bs)、沙漠气候(Bw)、冬干温暖气候(Cw)、常湿温暖气候(Cf)、冬干冷温气候(Dw)、苔原气候(ET)。在此基础上,比较了柯本气候分类法与其它气候分类法的异同,并探讨了近50 a中国年代际气候变化过程。结果显示:1961-2010年间全球变暖的趋势在我国表现非常明显,北方地区、西北东部地区出现明显的干旱化趋势,西北西部地区则出现变湿趋势,青藏高原区的干带扩张主要是因为温度升高而不是降水减少,南方地区则表现为季节降水和年际降水分配不均,而无明显的干湿趋势;而2011-2013年,全国大范围出现降温和降水增多。

关键词: 柯本气候分类法, 气候区划, 气候变化, 中国

Abstract: Köppen climate classification,which is based on temperature and precipitation,has been used worldwide. Beside temperature and precipitation,the distribution of natural vegetation is also considered as a major reference for the system. With clear quantitative limits,the classification system can be easily used to distinguish different climate types. A variety of climatic classification methods have been tried in China to explore Chinese climate classification and climate change in recent years,but most of them are not in line with international classification methods. In this paper,the Köppen climate classification was used to classify the climate zones of China, and 7 climate subtyps,including a,b,c,d,h,k,G,were considered. China DEM(http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov), China monthly surface air temperature and surface precipitation 0.5°×0.5° gridded dataset(http://cdc.cma.gov.cn) were used to classify the climate zones. According to the results,there are 4 major climate zones,including arid climate(B),warm temperate climates(C)and snow climates(D)and polar climates(E). Major climatic types include steppe climate(Bs),desert climate(Bw),warm temperate climate with dry winter(Cw),warm temperate climate,fully humid(Cf),snow temperate climate with dry winter(Dw),tundra climate(ET). The results of Köppen climate classification were compared with climate zones from other climate classification. Decadal climate change processes of China have been discussed according to variability of climate zone. From 1961 to 2010,the global warming in China was very obvious,northern China and the eastern part of northwest China have been drier during the period while the western part of northwest China has become wetter,the arid climate zone expended in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau due to increasing temperature,the changing trend of precipitation is not obvious in southern China. But from 2011 to 2013,most of China was becoming cold and wet.

Key words: Kö, ppen-Geiger climate classification, climate division, climate change, China

中图分类号:

P462.1

朱耿睿, 李育. 基于柯本气候分类的1961-2013年我国气候区类型及变化[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(6): 1121-1132.

ZHU Geng-rui, LI Yu. Types and changes of Chinese climate zones from 1961 to 2013 based on Köppen climate classification[J]. , 2015, 38(6): 1121-1132.

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