2003—2022年昆仑山北坡典型湖泊水位变化及其归因

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.177

干旱区地理 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 1805-1815.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.177

• 第三次新疆综合科学考察 • 上一篇下一篇

2003—2022年昆仑山北坡典型湖泊水位变化及其归因

刘玉婷¹(), 陈亚宁²(), 朱成刚², 张淑花³, 黄心垚¹

1.喀什大学生命与地理科学学院/新疆维吾尔自治区帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室，新疆喀什 844000
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院，陕西西安 710000

收稿日期:2024-03-18 修回日期:2024-05-11 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-12-03
通讯作者: 陈亚宁（1958-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事干旱区生态水文研究. E-mail: chenyn@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:刘玉婷（1986-），女，博士，副教授，主要从事资源利用与生态安全研究. E-mail: liuyuting@ksu.edu.cn
基金资助:
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0100);新疆自治区科技计划项目(2021D01B05)

Water level changes and attribution of typical lakes on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains from 2003 to 2022

LIU Yuting¹(), CHEN Yaning²(), ZHU Chenggang², ZHANG Shuhua³, HUANG Xinyao¹

1. School of Life and Geography, Kashi University/Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi 844000, Xinjiang, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. College of Geomatics, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi, China

Received:2024-03-18 Revised:2024-05-11 Published:2024-11-25 Online:2024-12-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湖泊水位变化是湖泊系统动态变化的重要指标，对湖泊生态环境和水资源管理具有重要意义。基于ICESat-1、CryoSat-2、EnviSat以及ICESat-2多源测高卫星提取2003—2022年阿克赛钦湖、阿牙克库木湖、阿其克库勒湖、鲸鱼湖、长虹湖、萨利吉勒干南库勒湖的水位、湖泊集水区气温、降水及土地利用数据，利用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall和Pearson相关性等方法，定量分析湖泊水位变化特征，探讨湖泊水位变化的影响机制。结果表明：（1）多源测高卫星水位与水位数据集进行精度检验，变化趋势一致且相关性分析均通过显著性F检验。（2）近20 a，除萨利吉勒干南库勒湖外，其余湖泊水位呈显著上升趋势，长虹湖水位上升速率最大，以0.71 m·a^-1的速率变化，阿克赛钦湖水位上升速率最小，以0.29 m·a^-1的速率变化。（3）湖泊集水区气候要素差异较大，气温都呈上升速率的变化而降水量变化不一，而阿其克库勒湖、阿牙克库木湖、鲸鱼湖水位与降水呈正相关，除萨利吉勒干南库勒湖，典型湖水位与气温正相关。利用多源测高卫星数据，对湖泊水位变化进行分析，旨在揭示昆仑山北坡湖泊的水文变化规律，并为湖泊生态环境管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 卫星测高, 湖泊水位, 气温, 降水, 土地利用, 昆仑山北坡

Abstract:

Changes in water level serve as crucial indicators of dynamic variations in lake systems, significantly impacting lake ecological environments and water resource management. This study employs data from ICESat-1, CryoSat-2, EnviSat, and ICESat-2 multi-source altimetry satellites to analyze water levels of Aksai Chin Lake, Ayagkumu Lake, Aqqikkol Lake, Jingyu Lake, Changhong Lake, and Surigh Yilganing Kol Lake on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains. It also incorporates data on lake watershed areas, temperature, precipitation, and land use from 2003 to 2022. Quantitative analyses of lake water level changes were conducted using trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, Pearson correlation, and other methods to explore the influencing mechanisms of these changes. The findings are as follows: (1) The accuracy of water levels derived from multiple altimetry satellites was validated against the water level dataset, showing consistent trends and passing the significance F test in all correlation analyses. (2) Over the past 20 years, water levels of the lakes, except for Surigh Yilganing Kol Lake, have shown a significant upward trend, with Changhong Lake exhibiting the highest rate of increase at 0.71 m·a^-1, while Aksai Chin Lake has the lowest rate of increase at 0.29 m·a^-1. (3) Climatic factors differ significantly across lake catchment areas, with temperatures showing a consistent rising trend and precipitation varying across regions. A positive correlation exists between water levels and precipitation for Aqqikkol Lake, Ayagkumu Lake, and Jingyu Lake, while water levels of typical lakes show a positive correlation with temperature, except for Surigh Yilganing Kol Lake. This study leverages data from multiple altimetry satellites to analyze lake water level changes, aiming to elucidate the hydrological variations of lakes on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. The findings provide a scientific basis for the management of lake ecological environments.

Key words: satellite altimetry, lake water level, temperature, precipitation, land use, northern slope of Kunlun Mountains

刘玉婷, 陈亚宁, 朱成刚, 张淑花, 黄心垚. 2003—2022年昆仑山北坡典型湖泊水位变化及其归因[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(11): 1805-1815.

LIU Yuting, CHEN Yaning, ZHU Chenggang, ZHANG Shuhua, HUANG Xinyao. Water level changes and attribution of typical lakes on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains from 2003 to 2022[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(11): 1805-1815.

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搭载卫星	高度计	使用年份	波段	重复周期/d	足迹/km
EnviSat	RA-2	2002—2012	Ku、S	35	1.7
ICESat-1	GLAS	2003—2009	激光	183	0.07
CryoSat-2	SIRAL	2010—2022	Ku	369，30	1.6
ICESat-2	ATLAS	2018—2022	激光	91	0.017

湖泊	平均气温/℃	年降水量/mm	气温变化/℃·(10a)^-1	年降水量变化/mm·(10a)^-1
阿牙克库木湖	-3.816±0.532	306.173±51.012	0.172（0.140）	1.249（0.167）
鲸鱼湖	-8.765±0.573	417.392±34.337	0.263（0.065）	0.224（0.082）
阿其克库勒湖	-8.479±0.683	454.508±50.439	0.330^*（0.081）	10.980（0.111）
长虹湖	-8.528±0.572	389.031±36.497	0.267（0.067）	-6.682（0.094）
阿克赛钦湖	-9.924±0.643	282.526±36.000	0.337^*（0.065）	-6.515（0.127）
萨利吉勒干南库勒湖	-10.457±0.757	292.577±43.186	0.355^**（0.072）	-5.880（0.148）

湖泊	湖泊面积/km²	湖泊水位/m	集水区冰川面积/km²
阿克赛钦湖	235.20	4852.08	3091.23
阿牙克库木湖	912.01	3882.34	1.47
阿其克库勒湖	500.07	4259.16	233.99
鲸鱼湖	323.41	4718.56	938.83
长虹湖	51.82	4912.55	717.67
萨利吉勒干南库勒湖	68.63	5193.33	196.16

2003—2022年昆仑山北坡典型湖泊水位变化及其归因

Water level changes and attribution of typical lakes on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains from 2003 to 2022

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湖泊	降水	气温
阿克赛钦湖	-0.02	0.15
阿其克库勒湖	0.19	0.24
阿牙克库木湖	0.08	0.11
长虹湖	-0.20	0.05
鲸鱼湖	0.15	0.10
萨利吉勒干南库勒湖	-0.43	-0.16

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