供需平衡视角下昆仑山北坡县域单元地表水资源开发利用潜力初探

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.093

干旱区地理 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1106-1115.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.093

• 第三次新疆综合科学考察 • 上一篇下一篇

供需平衡视角下昆仑山北坡县域单元地表水资源开发利用潜力初探

周洪华(), 杨玉海, 朱成刚(), 方功焕

中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2024-02-26 修回日期:2024-04-03 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-07-30
通讯作者: 朱成刚（1976-），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事生态保护与修复研究. E-mail: zhuchg@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:周洪华（1979-），女，博士，副研究员，主要从事植物生理生态与气候水文过程研究. E-mail: zhouhh@ms.xjb.ac.cn
基金资助:
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0102);国家自然科学基金项目(42277480);新疆重点实验室开放课题(2023D04043)

Development and utilization potential of surface water resources of the counties on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains from the perspective of supply and demand balance

ZHOU Honghua(), YANG Yuhai, ZHU Chenggang(), FANG Gonghuan

State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-02-26 Revised:2024-04-03 Published:2024-07-25 Online:2024-07-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

定量分析地表水资源开发利用潜力有助于明晰区域水资源禀赋，对区域未来水资源科学规划和可持续开发利用具有重要的指导意义。通过供需水量平衡，从地表径流量、生态需水量、地表水可利用量角度，初步探讨了昆仑山北坡县域单元的地表水资源开发利用潜力，以期为昆仑山北坡科学规划和兵团南进布局提供水资源保障依据。结果表明：（1）昆仑山北坡河流径流2000年后呈显著增加趋势，主要河流2001—2010年年均径流量较2000年以前平均增加了23.36%，2011—2020年较2000年以前平均增加了42.89%，其中车尔臣河增幅最大，和田河增幅最小。（2）车尔臣河流域、克里雅河流域和和田河流域的生态基流量分别为4.67×10⁸ m³、5.38×10⁸ m³和20.26×10⁸ m³，天然植被生态需水量分别为4.34×10⁸ m³、4.00×10⁸ m³和2.62×10⁸ m³。（3）昆仑山北坡各县域单元现状地表水已用水量范围为0.1×10⁸~8.73×10⁸m³，地表水资源潜力范围为-0.07×10⁸~3.17×10⁸ m³，空间差异非常显著，其中水资源潜力大于2.00×10⁸ m³的有墨玉县、铁门关市38团、策勒县、且末县、和田县、民丰县和洛浦县。现状区域的地表水资源调蓄能力不足，水资源利用上限偏低，虽有潜力但有水难用，未来昆仑山北坡各县域单元需制定修编更为适宜的地表水资源规划并加强基础水利工程建设，提升地表水资源利用效率，为区域高质量发展提供水资源支撑保障。

关键词: 昆仑山北坡, 地表径流, 供需平衡, 生态需水, 地表水资源潜力

Abstract:

Quantitative analysis of the water resources potential is helpful for determining the amount of regional water resources. This in turn is significant for guiding scientific planning and sustainable utilization of regional water resources in the future. In this study, we initially discussed the surface water resources potential of the county units on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains by balancing water supply and demand. The analysis considered surface runoff, ecological water demand, and the amount of available surface water to determine the necessity of protecting water resources in this region. The results showed that: (1) The runoff of rivers on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains showed a significant increase after 2000, with the average annual runoff increasing by 23.36% from 2001 to 2010 and 42.89% from 2011 to 2020 compared with that before 2000, among which the Qarqan River showed the largest increase and the Hotan River showed the smallest increase. (2) The ecological base flows for the Qarqan River Basin, Keriya River Basin, and Hotan River Basin were 4.67×10⁸m³, 5.38×10⁸m³, and 20.26×10⁸m³, respectively, and the ecological water demands of natural vegetation were 4.34×10⁸m³, 4.00×10⁸m³, and 2.62×10⁸m³, respectively. (3) The current surface water consumption of each county unit on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains ranged from 0.1×10⁸ to 8.73×10⁸m³, and the potential of surface water resources ranged from −0.07×10⁸ to 3.17×10⁸m³; additionally, the spatial difference was significant. The surface water resource potential was greater than 2.00×10⁸m³ in Moyu County, Tiemenguan City 38^th Regiment, Qira County, Qiemo County, Hotan County, Minfeng County, and Lop County. The current surface water resources storage capacity of the region is insufficient, and the use of water resources is relatively low. Despite the significant surface water potential of this region, it is difficult to use this water due to regional characteristics; consequently, in the future, the county units on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains need to formulate and revise a more appropriate surface water resources usage plan and strengthen the construction of basic surface water conservancy projects to enhance the efficiency of surface water resources allocation and utilization, thus ensuring water resources support for facilitating the region’s development.

Key words: northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains, surface runoff, supply and demand balance, ecological water demand, surface water resource potential

周洪华, 杨玉海, 朱成刚, 方功焕. 供需平衡视角下昆仑山北坡县域单元地表水资源开发利用潜力初探[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(7): 1106-1115.

ZHOU Honghua, YANG Yuhai, ZHU Chenggang, FANG Gonghuan. Development and utilization potential of surface water resources of the counties on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains from the perspective of supply and demand balance[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(7): 1106-1115.

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流域	河流	径流量/10⁸m³	行政区
车尔臣河流域	车尔臣河、江尕萨依河、安迪尔河、塔什萨依河	12.60	且末县、37团
	莫勒切河、喀拉米兰河	5.55	38团
	若羌河、瓦石峡河、塔什萨依河	3.66	若羌县
	米兰河	1.63	36团
	合计	23.44
和田河流域	喀拉喀什河	25.68	和田县（喀河灌区）、墨玉县、224团、47团
	玉龙喀什河	26.88	和田县（玉河灌区）、和田市、洛浦县
	皮山河、苏勒阿孜河、桑株河、波斯干河、杜瓦河	8.58	皮山县、皮山农场
	合计	61.14
克里雅河流域	策勒河、恰哈河、乌鲁克萨依河、努尔河、萨尔龙河、萨依巴格河、阿克萨音河、卡尔苏河、布藏河	7.90	策勒县、一牧场
	克里雅河、吐米亚河、皮什盖河、阿羌河、苏克塔克牙河	11.78	于田县、225团
	尼雅河、安迪尔河、牙通古孜河、叶亦克河、其其汗河	7.19	民丰县
	合计	26.87
总计		111.45

流域	行政区	河流生态基流/10⁸ m³	天然植被生态需水/10⁸ m³	合计/10⁸ m³
车尔臣河流域	若羌县	0.73	0.53	1.26
	36团	0.33	0.31	0.64
	38团	1.11	1.48	2.59
	且末县、37团	2.50	2.02	4.52
	合计	4.67	4.34	9.01
克里雅河流域	民丰县	1.44	1.79	3.23
	于田县、225团	2.36	0.85	3.21
	策勒县、一牧场	1.58	1.36	2.94
	合计	5.38	4.00	9.38
和田河流域	洛浦县、和田市、和田县	13.27（含塔河输送水量）	1.48	14.75
	和田县、墨玉县、47团、224团	5.27（含塔河输送水量）	0.81	6.08
	皮山县、皮山农场	1.72	0.33	2.05
	合计	20.26	2.62	22.88
总计		30.31	10.96	41.27

供需平衡视角下昆仑山北坡县域单元地表水资源开发利用潜力初探

Development and utilization potential of surface water resources of the counties on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains from the perspective of supply and demand balance

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