祁连山黑河径流变化特征及影响因素研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.572

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1460-1471.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.572

祁连山黑河径流变化特征及影响因素研究

梁鹏飞^1,²(),辛惠娟¹,李宗省²(),张百娟³,桂娟³,段然³,南富森³,丁增扬平⁴,杨盛梅⁴

1.兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,甘肃兰州 730070
2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院高寒山区同位素生态水文与国家公园观测站/甘肃省祁连山生态环境研究中心/内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730000
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
4.西藏自治区水文水资源勘测局昌都水文分局,西藏昌都 854000

收稿日期:2021-11-29 修回日期:2021-12-28 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-10-20
通讯作者: 李宗省
作者简介:梁鹏飞（1998-）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事寒旱区水文与水资源等方面的研究. E-mail: liangpf0113@163.com
基金资助:
甘肃省黄河水环境重点实验室开放基金(21YRWEG005);兰州交通大学校青年基金(2018005);甘肃省陇原创新创业团队项目(2020)

Runoff variation characteristics and influencing factors in the Heihe River Basin in the Qilian Mountains

LIANG Pengfei^1,²(),XIN Huijuan¹,LI Zongxing²(),ZHANG Baijuan³,GUI Juan³,DUAN Ran³,NAN Fusen³,DINGZENG Yangping⁴,YANG Shengmei⁴

1. School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
2. Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park by Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. Tibet Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey, Changdu 854000, Xizang, China

Received:2021-11-29 Revised:2021-12-28 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-10-20
Contact: Zongxing LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于黑河流域径流、气象和土地利用类型等资料,采用弹性系数等方法研究了黑河径流变化特征及影响因素。结果表明：（1） 1990年后黑河流域径流量增加趋势明显加速,并且在黑河干流表现最为明显,1957—1990年莺落峡站径流量增加速率为0.75×10⁸ m³·(10a)^-1,而1991—2020年其增加速率为2.60×10⁸ m³·(10a)^-1,后者是前者的3.47倍,并且黑河全流域1990年后径流量增加主要发生在夏季和秋季,较1990年前分别增加了7.07%和26.58%。（2）径流对气候变化的响应在夏季最为敏感,并且降水是导致径流增多的主要气候因素,夏季降水量增多1.000%,同期径流量平均增多0.741%（P<0.01）。（3） 2020年较1980年黑河流域耕地和建设用地面积相对增幅分别为24.20%和71.43%;草地和未利用土地面积相对降幅分别为1.30%和5.28%。径流量与林地面积、建设用地面积呈正相关,而径流量与草地面积呈负相关。研究结果可以为黑河流域水资源的科学管理、优化配置和后续生态工程的实施提供参考。

关键词: 黑河, 径流响应, 气候变化, 冰冻圈, 影响因素

Abstract:

Based on the data of runoff, meteorology, and types of land use, the characteristics of and contributors to runoff changes in the Heihe River of China were studied using elasticity coefficients and other methods. (1) The results show a trend of increasing runoff, with significant acceleration after 1990 and which was most obvious in the Heihe River, specifically at Yingluoxia station. Here the rate of increase in runoff from 1957 to 1990 was 0.75×10⁸ m³·(10a)^-1, whereas the rate of increase from 1991 to 2020 was 2.60×10⁸ m³·(10a)^-1, the latter being 3.47 times higher than the former. This increase in runoff mainly occurred in summer and autumn, with increases of 7.07% and 26.58%, respectively, compared with the pre-1990 period in the Heihe River Basin. (2) The effects of climate change on runoff were most acute in summer, with precipitation being the main climatic factor contributing to increased runoff. A 1.000% increase in summer precipitation was associated with a 0.741% average increase in runoff over the same period (P<0.01). (3) The relative increases in arable land and construction land area in 2020 compared with 1980 in the Heihe River Basin were 24.20% and 71.43%, respectively; the relative decreases in grassland and unused land area were 1.30% and 5.28%, respectively. The area of forested land, area of construction land, and runoff are positively correlated, whereas the area of grassland is negatively correlated with runoff. The results of this study can provide a reference for the rational allocation, scientific management, and subsequent implementation of ecological projects in the Heihe River Basin.

Key words: Heihe River Basin, runoff response, climate change, cryosphere, influencing factors

梁鹏飞,辛惠娟,李宗省,张百娟,桂娟,段然,南富森,丁增扬平,杨盛梅. 祁连山黑河径流变化特征及影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(5): 1460-1471.

LIANG Pengfei,XIN Huijuan,LI Zongxing,ZHANG Baijuan,GUI Juan,DUAN Ran,NAN Fusen,DINGZENG Yangping,YANG Shengmei. Runoff variation characteristics and influencing factors in the Heihe River Basin in the Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(5): 1460-1471.

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丰平枯级别	频率/%
特丰水年	P≤12.5
丰水年	12.5<P≤37.5
平水年	37.5<P≤62.5
偏枯水年	62.5<P≤87.5
特枯水年	P>87.5

祁连山黑河径流变化特征及影响因素研究

Runoff variation characteristics and influencing factors in the Heihe River Basin in the Qilian Mountains

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