干旱区绿洲城市生态环境时空变化特征分析——以克拉玛依市为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.19

Abstract

Abstract:

The ecological environment of oasis cities in arid regions is extremely fragile. Accurately understanding the spatiotemporal changes in the ecological environment of such cities due to urbanization is of great significance. Karamay, Xinjiang, China, which is an oasis city in an arid region, was selected as the research object in this study. It is located in the most vast and flat gobi desert; this area has become a gathering point of the petroleum and petrochemical industry, which has greatly stressed the fragile ecological environment. LandsatTM/ETM+/OLI remote sensing images from four time periods (2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016) were collected, and a remote sensing ecological index was used to reflect the ecological environment. The variation degree, ecological niche, and gravity center methods were adopted to model the variation, spatial distribution, classification, variation characteristics, and gravity center transfer of the ecological environment. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) The remote sensing ecological index was not high in the study area and fluctuated approximately 0.35. The ecological index values were generally low. (2) Changes in the ecological index grade mainly manifested as rises and falls with few sudden increases. The areas of different types of remote sensing ecological index domains varied significantly among different time periods. (3) The changes in the ecological niche from low to high showed an obvious upward trend. This indicates that a higher ecological index level represents a higher ecological niche; in other words, better ecological environment quality improves the ability to obtain resources. However, the niche values of different types of remote sensing ecological indices were all small with a maximum value of 0.3677. Thus, there remains much space for improving the niche of different types of ecological indices. (4) The center of gravity of different types of remote sensing ecological indices shifted to different degrees. The regions with a high ecological index had strong spatial mobility with an average distance of 42.60 km, whereas regions with a low ecological index were relatively stable spatially. This study explored the temporal and spatial variations in the ecological environment due to human activities and found that urban farmland, park vegetation, residential greening, water, and other elements play a significant role in maintaining a good ecological environment. These results demonstrate humans’ ability to protect the environment. However, there was serious ecological deterioration around the G217 National Highway, which reflects the ecological damage caused by human activities. The above conclusions show that the acceleration of urbanization and implementation of environmental protection need not be in conflict. Understanding the relationship between urban development and environmental protection is significant for the sustainable development of oasis cities in arid regions.

Key words: oasis, ecological environment, remote sensing ecological index, spatio-temporal variation, Karamay City

ZHOU Xuande,GUO Huadong,YANG Shengtian,Zibibula SIMAYI,DENG Zutao,LIANG Bin. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of oasis urban ecological environment in arid region: A case study of Karamay City[J].Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(4): 1070-1082.

Figures/Tables 12

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Tab. 2

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主成分	2001年		2006年		2011年		2016年
主成分	特征值	贡献率/%	特征值	贡献率/%	特征值	贡献率/%	特征值	贡献率/%
PC1	0.0992	85.6377	0.1047	85.7392	0.0505	85.5012	0.0894	89.4827
PC2	0.0112	9.6721	0.0139	11.3759	0.0048	8.1922	0.0069	6.8943
PC3	0.0040	3.4805	0.0026	2.1644	0.0027	4.5911	0.0034	3.4283
PC4	0.0014	1.2097	0.0009	0.7206	0.0010	1.7155	0.0002	0.1947

指标	2001年				2006年
指标	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差
NDVI	-1.0000	0.7604	0.1280	0.1318	-1.0000	0.7795	0.1449	0.1582
WET	-0.5470	0.0665	-0.2016	0.0614	-0.5733	0.0714	-0.1785	0.0596
LST	29.3201	57.8943	47.2234	3.3495	12.0327	38.5387	32.3419	3.0871
NDBSI	-0.6327	1.0000	0.1971	0.0890	-0.5184	1.0000	0.1927	0.1156
RSEI	0.0000	1.0000	0.3523	0.1234	0.0000	1.0000	0.3446	0.1256
指标	2011年				2016年
指标	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差
NDVI	-0.5216	1.0000	0.1945	0.1968	-0.7725	0.8619	0.2935	0.2601
WET	-0.7883	0.1483	-0.1664	0.0692	-1.3451	0.2144	-0.0472	0.0764
LST	19.9292	47.4173	36.2315	4.5555	15.7962	46.5827	35.8338	6.3602
NDBSI	-0.7142	1.0000	0.1600	0.1417	-0.6426	0.5799	0.0730	0.2099
RSEI	0.0000	1.0000	0.3592	0.2026	0.0000	1.0000	0.3184	0.2579

RSEI等级	2001年		2006年		2011年		2016年
RSEI等级	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
A	223.70	5.81	1547.53	40.17	656.16	17.03	2107.60	54.71
B	2637.34	68.46	1831.28	47.54	2035.42	52.84	592.43	15.38
C	830.42	21.56	401.18	10.41	485.61	12.61	382.55	9.93
D	127.42	3.31	70.19	1.82	519.34	13.48	416.90	10.82
E	33.36	0.87	2.03	0.05	155.70	4.04	352.75	9.16

等级	2001—2006年		2006—2011年		2011—2016年		2001—2016年
等级	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
-4	0.32	0.01	-	-	0.54	0.01	0.49	0.01
-3	6.01	0.16	0.35	0.01	13.11	0.34	3.59	0.09
-2	85.68	2.22	5.29	0.14	82.31	2.14	212.22	5.51
-1	1947.11	50.55	57.60	1.50	1794.00	46.57	1920.38	49.85
0	1662.55	43.16	1930.25	50.11	1312.67	34.08	797.16	20.69
1	126.27	3.28	1403.79	36.44	494.87	12.85	399.94	10.38
2	22.81	0.59	376.10	9.76	126.26	3.28	396.98	10.31
3	1.46	0.04	72.90	1.89	28.09	0.73	121.34	3.15
4	0.01	0.00	5.96	0.15	0.37	0.01	0.12	0.00

RSEI等级	2001—2006年		2006—2011年		2011—2016年
RSEI等级	增加量/km²	动态度/%	增加量/km²	动态度/%	增加量/km²	动态度/%
A	1323.83	118.36	-891.37	-11.52	1451.44	44.24
B	-806.06	-6.11	204.14	2.23	-1442.99	-14.18
C	-429.23	-10.34	84.43	4.21	-103.06	-4.24
D	-57.22	-8.98	449.15	127.97	-102.44	-3.95
E	-31.32	-18.78	153.66	1510.76	197.06	25.31

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of oasis urban ecological environment in arid region: A case study of Karamay City

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RSEI等级	2001年 RSEI均值	2001—2006年		2006年 RSEI均值	2006—2011年		2011年 RSEI均值	2011—2016年		2016年 RSEI均值
RSEI等级	2001年 RSEI均值	势	生态位	2006年 RSEI均值	势	生态位	2011年 RSEI均值	势	生态位	2016年 RSEI均值
A	0.1778	-0.0399	0.0546	0.1379	0.0103	0.0606	0.1482	-0.0167	0.0521	0.1315
B	0.3045	-0.0349	0.1104	0.2696	0.0016	0.1094	0.2712	0.0062	0.1132	0.2774
C	0.4789	-0.0121	0.1952	0.4668	0.0362	0.2056	0.5030	-0.0021	0.2033	0.5009
D	0.6914	-0.0367	0.2721	0.6547	0.0317	0.2791	0.6864	0.0255	0.2913	0.7119
E	0.8519	0.0190	0.3677	0.8709	-0.0116	0.3453	0.8594	-0.0186	0.3401	0.8408

RSEI 等级	2001年		2006年		2011年		2016年
RSEI 等级	经度/E	纬度/N	经度/E	纬度/N	经度/E	纬度/N	经度/E	纬度/N
A	85°00′13.51880″	45°06′38.45573″	84°57′37.04680″	45°09′44.24302″	84°57′05.06798″	45°03′44.26575″	84°54′30.91428″	45°14′59.11490″
B	84°54′50.28787″	45°13′28.15689″	84°52′15.42253″	45°13′33.02934″	84°53′27.15518″	45°16′44.03351″	84°54′02.83357″	45°10′47.48842″
C	84°51′25.98427″	45°06′06.34960″	84°54′52.09637″	45°08′19.29840″	84°53′53.87569″	45°05′18.73948″	84°57′39.73842″	45°11′42.68208″
D	85°03′51.65940″	45°16′40.94337″	84°58′57.01781″	45°22′49.77506″	84°55′47.51930″	45°05′30.36632″	84°55′18.64866″	45°05′43.32496″
E	85°05′19.97127″	45°18′41.47623″	84°44′34.73225″	44°57′30.56622″	85°02′13.76825″	45°18′08.03169″	84°54′02.74515″	44°59′54.89837″

RSEI 等级	2001—2006年		2006—2011年		2011—2016年
RSEI 等级	偏移距离/km	方位角/（°）	偏移距离/km	方位角/（°）	偏移距离/km	方位角/（°）
A	6.55	328.65	11.18	183.62	20.79	350.84
B	3.36	270.95	6.05	14.91	11.04	175.96
C	6.08	47.74	5.72	192.84	12.83	22.54
D	13.07	330.72	32.36	187.33	0.74	302.14
E	47.70	214.80	44.62	31.06	35.47	197.55

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