干旱区耕地质量等级评价及土壤养分与盐渍化的分析研究——以民勤绿洲为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.02.22

Abstract

Abstract:

The Minqin area, Gansu Province, China has a typical temperate continental arid climate zone, a unique natural condition, suitable for accumulating sugar in crops. Recently, because of the massive exploitation of groundwater resources, the groundwater level has declined. Furthermore, the degree of water mineralization has increased, and land desertification and salinization has increased significantly, severely restricting the development of agriculture in arid areas. This study is based on the measures for investigation, Monitoring and Evaluation of Cultivated Land Quality issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (2016 No. 2 of the Ministry of Agriculture), the national standards of Cultivated Land Quality Grading (GB/T33469-2016), and the Comprehensive Agricultural Regionalization of China. Furthermore, this study analyzes the quality of cultivated land in the Minqin Oasis and provides a scientific basis and countermeasures for protecting and improving cultivated land quality in the Minqin Oasis. The results show that the average arable land quality grade of the Minqin Oasis is 3.26. The land is distributed from one to seven grades, whereas the eighth, ninth, and tenth grades are undistributed. The third and fourth graded lands are the main body of the cultivated land quality grades in the Minqin Oasis, and the area proportions are 31.63% and 28.27%, respectively. Most irrigated agricultural areas in the middle of the Quanshan District and dam area are distributed in the first and second graded lands. Irrigation areas in the lake area are mostly distributed in third and fourth graded lands. More areas exist, such as five, six, and seven on the edge of the oasis. The average soil organic matter content in the cultivated land of the Minqin Oasis is between 10.00 and 15.00 g·kg^-1, and the average total nitrogen content is between 0.50 and 1.00 g·kg^-1, which is generally at a low level. Available phosphorus and potassium are at medium levels. The area of salinized arable land in the Minqin Oasis is 32240.36 hm², accounting for 30.09% of the total arable land. Light salinization is dominant, followed by moderate and severe salinization. Chemical cultivated land is the smallest, accounting for 7.46%. Slight salinization is mostly distributed in Hongshagang, Hongshaliang, Xiqu, and other towns in the lake area. Moderate salinization is distributed in Changning and along the wind-sand line in the Huanhe District. Shortly, the cultivated land in the Minqin Oasis is deficient in soil nutrients, and the soil organic matter and total nitrogen are deficient. The cultivated land soil is predominantly lightly salinized. From the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics, the cultivated land soil nutrient content in Changning, the lake area, and the area along the wind-sand line in the surrounding river area is low, with obvious salinization. To improve the quality of cultivated land and soil fertility and minimize salinization, efforts should be made to increase the intensity of cultivated land in lake areas, river-circling areas, and wind and sand.

Key words: cultivated land quality evaluation, analytic hierarchy process, arable land resource management information system of a county, Minqin Oasis

MA Qianqian,DONG Bo,XU Wangwang,CAI Liqun,WU Jun. Evaluation of cultivated land quality and analysis of soil nutrients and salinization in arid areas: Taking Minqin Oasis as an example[J].Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(2): 514-524.

Figures/Tables 18

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

Tab. 7

Tab. 8

Tab. 9

Tab. 10

Tab. 11

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 12

Distribution area and proportion of each grade of townships in Minqin County"

面积及比例		一等地	二等地	三等地	四等地	五等地	六等地	七等地
蔡旗镇	面积/hm²	106.20	1528.43	777.04	1664.59	185.96	402.47	-
蔡旗镇	比例/%	1.25	7.61	2.29	5.49	1.80	15.18	-
昌宁镇	面积/hm²	276.92	2376.71	5372.35	3507.76	472.08	-	-
昌宁镇	比例/%	3.26	11.84	15.85	11.58	4.58	-	-
大坝镇	面积/hm²	1908.72	581.27	584.17	208.60	-	-	-
大坝镇	比例/%	22.44	2.90	1.72	0.69	-	-	-
大滩镇	面积/hm²	2459.50	1520.17	736.64	165.17	218.77	-	-
大滩镇	比例/%	28.92	7.57	2.17	0.55	2.21	-	-
东坝镇	面积/hm²	157.67	2478.20	736.64	535.98	107.15	-	-
东坝镇	比例/%	1.85	12.34	1.99	1.77	1.04	-	-
东湖镇	面积/hm²	-	40.01	662.81	2046.98	507.69	-	-
东湖镇	比例/%	-	0.20	1.96	6.67	4.93	-	-
红沙岗镇	面积/hm²	105.66	1333.25	4751.61	1084.55	347.76	70.68	-
红沙岗镇	比例/%	1.24	6.64	14.02	3.58	3.38	2.67	-
红沙梁镇	面积/hm²	-	1.57	1471.69	1044.37	288.97	262.26	0.01
红沙梁镇	比例/%	-	0.01	4.34	3.45	2.80	9.89	0.00
夹河镇	面积/hm²	-	1271.96	1439.72	3903.56	492.67	449.57	-
夹河镇	比例/%	-	6.34	4.25	12.89	4.78	16.95	-
南湖镇	面积/hm²	-	216.32	733.72	1300.37	1802.71	1330.04	1436.19
南湖镇	比例/%	-	1.08	2.16	4.29	17.50	50.15	99.99
泉山镇	面积/hm²	-	662.32	2 211.64	2 341.49	44.06	46.41	-
泉山镇	比例/%	-	3.30	6.53	7.73	0.43	1.75	-
三雷镇	面积/hm²	1053.29	2070.84	828.92	55.25	190.47	-	-
三雷镇	比例/%	12.39	10.32	2.45	0.18	1.85	-	-
收成镇	面积/hm²	-	544.92	1714.52	2594.39	1561.05	-	-
收成镇	比例/%	-	2.71	5.06	8.56	15.15	-	-
双茨科镇	面积/hm²	2101.74	2537.58	302.61	814.88	-	90.69	-
双茨科镇	比例/%	24.71	12.64	0.89	2.69	-	3.42	-
苏武镇	面积/hm²	304.85	1754.42	3770.50	1501.08	330.55	-	-
苏武镇	比例/%	3.58	8.74	11.12	4.95	3.21	-	-
西渠镇	面积/hm²	-	151.30	3531.59	4810.17	3515.06	-	-
西渠镇	比例/%	-	0.75	10.42	15.88	3.21	-	-
薛百镇	面积/hm²	-	646.72	2453.56	1766.79	34.26	-	-
薛百镇	比例/%	-	3.22	7.24	5.83	0.33	-	-
重兴镇	面积/hm²	29.82	358.93	1878.00	949.15	203.72	-	-
重兴镇	比例/%	0.35	1.79	5.54	3.13	1.98	-	-

Tab. 12

Tab. 13

Tab. 14

Fig. 3

Tab. 15

References 23

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指标名称	指标权重	指标名称	指标权重
地形部位	0.1493	障碍因素	0.0535
灌溉能力	0.1207	农田林网化	0.0528
盐渍化程度	0.0750	有效土层厚	0.0462
耕层质地	0.0728	速效钾	0.0393
有机质	0.0715	地下水埋深	0.0381
排水能力	0.0670	土壤容重	0.0364
有效磷	0.0625	生物多样性	0.0305
质地构型	0.0571	清洁程度	0.0272

指标名称	函数类型	函数公式	a值	c值	u₁值	u₂值
有机质	戒上型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	0.001245	39.976682	2.0	39.0
有效磷	戒上型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	0.001293	41.023703	2.0	40.0
速效钾	戒上型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	0.000210	315.812898	20.0	315.0
土壤容重	峰型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	6.390020	1.310488	0.5	2.0
有效土层厚	戒上型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	0.000089	149.661697	10.0	145.0
地下水埋深	戒上型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	0.000293	56.275087	0.1	50.0

指标	分级
指标	1级（高）	2级（较高）	3级（中）	4级（较低）	5级（低）
有机质/g·kg^-1	>25.00	20.00~25.00	15.00~20.00	10.00~15.00	≤ 10.00
全氮/g·kg^-1	>1.80	1.50~1.80	1.00~1.50	0.50~1.00	≤ 0.50
有效磷/mg·kg^-1	>40.00	30.00~40.00	20.00~30.00	10.00~20.00	≤ 10.00
速效钾/mg·kg^-1	>250.00	200.00~250.00	150.00~200.00	100.00~150.00	≤ 100.00

土壤养分含量及占耕地面积比例		一级（高）	二级（较高）	三级（中）	四级（较低）	五级（低）
有机质	含量/g·kg^-1	>25.00	20.00~25.00	15.00~20.00	10.00~15.00	≤ 10.00
有机质	占耕地面积/%	-	-	0.97	81.39	17.64
全氮	含量/g·kg^-1	>1.80	1.50~1.80	1.00~1.50	0.50~1.00	≤ 0.50
全氮	占耕地面积/%	-	-	0.14	97.33	2.53
有效磷	含量/mg·kg^-1	>40.00	30.00~40.00	20.00~30.00	10.00~20.00	≤ 10.00
有效磷	占耕地面积/%	0.01	20.06	64.69	15.24	-
速效钾	含量/mg·kg^-1	>250.00	200.00~250.00	150.00~200.00	100.00~150.00	≤ 100.00
速效钾	占耕地面积/%	-	6.90	57.74	35.36	-

镇名称	有机质		全氮		有效磷		速效钾
镇名称	平均值/g·kg^-1	等级	平均值/g·kg^-1	等级	平均值/mg·kg^-1	等级	平均值/mg·kg^-1	等级
蔡旗镇	13.95	中等	0.88	较低	25.46	中等	159.60	中等
昌宁镇	10.72	较低	0.63	较低	23.30	中等	184.29	中等
大坝镇	12.64	较低	0.79	较低	32.40	较高	203.01	较高
大滩镇	11.63	较低	0.73	较低	33.45	较高	167.85	中等
东坝镇	11.43	较低	0.69	较低	26.49	中等	162.86	中等
东湖镇	10.71	较低	0.61	较低	22.87	中等	161.08	中等
红沙岗镇	11.68	较低	0.72	较低	28.33	中等	176.79	中等
红沙梁镇	9.67	低	0.58	较低	24.41	中等	132.75	较低
夹河镇	10.99	较低	0.68	较低	20.31	中等	146.12	较低
南湖镇	9.39	低	0.56	较低	15.98	较低	165.16	中等
泉山镇	10.23	较低	0.63	较低	26.94	中等	128.92	较低
三雷镇	13.04	较低	0.81	较低	32.88	较高	177.95	中等
收成镇	10.47	较低	0.60	较低	22.95	中等	139.95	较低
双茨科镇	11.30	较低	0.69	较低	29.90	中等	162.50	中等
苏武镇	11.96	较低	0.73	较低	26.40	中等	152.93	中等
西渠镇	9.77	低	0.59	较低	20.58	中等	133.06	较低
薛百镇	11.95	较低	0.73	较低	22.51	中等	156.50	中等
重兴镇	12.19	较低	0.76	较低	22.63	中等	170.66	中等

Evaluation of cultivated land quality and analysis of soil nutrients and salinization in arid areas: Taking Minqin Oasis as an example

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盐渍化面积及比例		轻度盐渍化	中度盐渍化	重度盐渍化
蔡旗镇	面积/hm²	890.79	1811.25	327.76
蔡旗镇	比例/%	2.76	5.62	1.02
昌宁镇	面积/hm²	1784.57	3712.70	1372.28
昌宁镇	比例/%	5.54	11.52	4.26
大坝镇	面积/hm²	-	-	-
大坝镇	比例/%	-	-	-
大滩镇	面积/hm²	8.50	-	-
大滩镇	比例/%	0.03	-	-
东坝镇	面积/hm²	-	-	-
东坝镇	比例/%	-	-	-
东湖镇	面积/hm²	2544.12	340.86	-
东湖镇	比例/%	7.89	1.06	-
红沙岗镇	面积/hm²	86.02	1052.39	213.01
红沙岗镇	比例/%	0.27	3.26	0.66
红沙梁镇	面积/hm²	1646.31	101.31	491.23
红沙梁镇	比例/%	5.11	0.31	1.52
夹河镇	面积/hm²	153.91	-	-
夹河镇	比例/%	0.48	-	-
南湖镇	面积/hm²	166.20	2141.84	-
南湖镇	比例/%	0.52	6.64	-
泉山镇	面积/hm²	-	-	-
泉山镇	比例/%	-	-	-
三雷镇	面积/hm²	296.32	430.66	-
三雷镇	比例/%	0.92	1.34	-
收成镇	面积/hm²	74.69	-	-
收成镇	比例/%	0.23	-	-
双茨科镇	面积/hm²	-	-	-
双茨科镇	比例/%	-	-	-
苏武镇	面积/hm²	2537.07	0.46	-
苏武镇	比例/%	7.87	0.00	-
西渠镇	面积/hm²	9598.17	249.96	-
西渠镇	比例/%	29.77	0.78	-
薛百镇	面积/hm²	-	-	-
薛百镇	比例/%	-	-	-
重兴镇	面积/hm²	29.77	178.21	-
重兴镇	比例/%	0.09	0.55	-

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