土地利用功能转型及其生态环境效应研究——以吐鲁番市高昌区为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.243

Abstract

Abstract:

As one of the important nodes of the “One Belt One Road”, Gaochang District of Turpan City, Xinjiang, China has developed rapidly in recent years. The population is constantly concentrating in the city center. The demand for construction land has continued to increase. Gaochang District is located in the desert oasis, a typical “ecologically fragile area with a relatively backward economy”. The vulnerability of the ecological environment is the main challenge of ecological civilization construction in the region. This paper uses the four phases of land use status remote sensing monitoring data (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018) based on a 5 km×5 km grid-scale, starting from the urbanized, main agricultural production, and ecological function areas. This paper starts from the large-scale dominant function area, using the land use transfer matrix and kernel density estimation to study the characteristics of land use transition in Gaochang District from 1990 to 2018. It uses the regional ecological environment quality index and ecological contribution rate method to analyze the land use in Gaochang District. During the study period, a quantitative analysis of the effects of transformation on the ecological environment is expected to provide a reference for coordinating the sustainable use of land resources and ecological environment protection in the Gaochang District. The results are as follows. (1) From 1990 to 2018, the landuse area of urbanization area in Gaochang District has a fluctuating trend, distributed in the middle of the Gaochang District. The landuse area in the main production areas of agricultural products shows an overall increasing trend, distributed in patches in the Gaochang District. In the middle part, the area of the ecological function zone shows a decreasing trend, with the most widespread distribution covering a large area in Gaochang District. From 1990 to 2018, the deserted and concentrated landuse in the Gaochang District was higher in the middle part than that in the north and south. In 2018, the land and agricultural area of northern mine increased, driving local economic growth, increased nuclear density, and spatial aggregation enhancement. (2) From 1990 to 2018, the high-quality and low-quality areas of the ecological environment of the Gaochang District are decreasing, whereas the higher-quality and lower-quality areas are increasing. The conversion of unused land to grassland is the main reason for improving the ecological environment in the Gaochang District. This is because the conversion of grassland land to unused land is responsible for the degradation of the ecological environment in some areas of Gaochang District. The central part of the Gaochang District has a trend of improving ecological environment quality, whereas the northern and southwestern parts have a trend of ecological environment degradation. The overall ecological environment degradation trend is slightly smaller than the improvement trend, and the ecological environment quality of the Gaochang District is developing in a good direction.

Key words: land use function transformation, ecological environment effect, Gaochang District

MA Xinmiao,XU Huajun,Gulinar MAIMAITI. Transformation of land use function and its ecological environmental effects: A case study in the Gaochang District of Turpan City[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(2): 445-455.

Figures/Tables 9

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土地利用主导功能分类		土地利用分类系统的二级分类	生态环境指数
一级地类	二级地类	土地利用分类系统的二级分类	生态环境指数
城市化地区	城镇用地	城镇用地	0.010
城市化地区	工矿用地	其他建设用地	0.010
农产品主产区	农业用地	水田、旱地	0.303
农产品主产区	农村用地	农村居民点	0.010
生态功能区	林地用地	有林地、灌木林地、疏林地、其他林地	0.853
	草地用地	高覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地	0.802
	水域用地	河渠、湖泊、水库坑塘、永久性冰川雪地、滩涂、滩地	0.537
	未利用地	沙地、戈壁、盐碱地、沼泽地、裸土地、裸岩石质地等其他未利用土地	0.025

一级地类	二级地类	1990年	2000年	2010年	2018年
城市化地区	城镇用地	8.07	9.33	14.31	15.94
	工矿用地	4.16	1.11	41.00	81.05
	小计	12.23	10.44	55.31	96.99
农产品主产区	农业用地	333.50	343.46	537.91	515.47
	农村用地	24.71	28.75	22.45	25.51
	小计	358.21	372.21	560.36	540.98
生态功能区	林地用地	74.54	74.47	21.69	21.74
	草地用地	3309.95	3296.43	3189.17	3203.20
	水域用地	23.99	24.07	30.68	40.85
	未利用地	9799.00	9800.46	9720.79	9674.38
	小计	13207.48	13195.43	12962.33	12940.17

2000年	1990年
2000年	草地用地	城镇用地	工矿用地	林地用地	农村用地	农业用地	水域用地	未利用地
草地用地	99.64	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.33	0.00	0.01
城镇用地	0.00	83.46	0.00	0.00	0.94	15.59	0.00	0.00
工矿用地	0.00	0.00	99.80	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.20
林地用地	3.37	0.00	0.00	94.79	0.00	0.56	0.00	1.27
农村用地	0.22	0.93	0.00	0.02	83.35	15.27	0.00	0.22
农业用地	6.26	0.01	0.03	0.71	0.16	91.25	0.13	1.47
水域用地	0.61	0.00	0.00	0.39	0.00	0.25	98.35	0.41
未利用地	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.00	99.92
2010年	2000年
2010年	草地用地	城镇用地	工矿用地	林地用地	农村用地	农业用地	水域用地	未利用地
草地用地	80.00	0.00	0.00	0.43	0.06	0.65	0.04	18.81
城镇用地	0.12	38.76	0.00	5.79	30.40	4.82	0.00	20.11
工矿用地	5.63	0.00	0.00	0.06	4.08	0.00	0.00	90.23
林地用地	54.91	0.00	0.00	22.19	0.23	0.25	0.00	22.42
农村用地	16.86	7.33	0.00	7.03	19.65	32.52	0.00	16.62
农业用地	12.00	0.38	0.04	8.47	2.30	57.82	0.07	18.91
水域用地	19.44	0.00	0.00	0.75	0.00	0.00	30.01	49.81
未利用地	6.75	0.00	0.01	0.08	0.04	0.04	0.13	92.95
2018年	2010年
2018年	草地用地	城镇用地	工矿用地	林地用地	农村用地	农业用地	水域用地	未利用地
草地用地	98.81	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.88	0.01	0.27
城镇用地	0.11	89.16	0.00	0.00	0.01	8.07	0.00	2.65
工矿用地	3.01	0.00	30.19	0.00	0.00	0.87	0.00	65.94
林地用地	2.57	0.00	0.00	96.44	0.00	0.14	0.00	0.86
农村用地	0.07	0.01	0.00	0.00	84.73	13.34	0.00	1.85
农业用地	1.40	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.15	97.58	0.00	0.85
水域用地	0.73	0.00	19.13	0.00	0.00	0.07	72.81	7.26
未利用地	0.14	0.00	0.09	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	99.75

土地利用转型	转换面积/㎞²	生态贡献率	占生态贡献率的百分比/%
未利用地→草地用地	602.89	0.03433	87.56
未利用地→农业用地	100.07	0.00198	5.04
农业用地→草地用地	31.60	0.00118	3.00
未利用地→水域用地	25.55	0.00093	2.38
未利用地→林地用地	4.93	0.00031	0.79
农村用地→农业用地	8.70	0.00018	0.46
农村用地→草地用地	2.35	0.00014	0.35
草地用地→林地用地	11.90	0.00007	0.19
其他	3.61	0.00008	0.23
合计	791.60	0.03920	100.00

土地利用转型	转换面积/㎞²	生态贡献率	占生态贡献率的百分比/%
草地用地→未利用地	659.95	-0.03757	84.41
草地用地→农业用地	75.03	-0.00279	6.27
林地用地→农业用地	42.43	-0.00184	4.14
水域用地→未利用地	9.12	-0.00002	1.05
林地用地→未利用地	0.29	-0.00001	1.02
草地用地→工矿用地	4.58	-0.00027	0.60
草地用地→农村用地	4.19	-0.00024	0.55
农业用地→农村用地	9.62	-0.00020	0.45
林地用地→农村用地	2.18	-0.00014	0.31
草地用地→水域用地	5.82	-0.00012	0.27
林地用地→草地用地	16.19	-0.00010	0.23
未利用地→工矿用地	73.49	-0.00008	0.18
林地用地→城镇用地	1.06	-0.00007	0.15
农业用地→未利用地	0.02	0.00000	0.14
农业用地→城镇用地	2.08	-0.00004	0.10
其他	15.08	-0.00050	0.13
合计	921.12	-0.04398	100.00

Transformation of land use function and its ecological environmental effects: A case study in the Gaochang District of Turpan City

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