新疆表层土壤粒径分形特征及驱动因素分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.201

Abstract

Abstract:

Xinjiang, an ecologically fragile region in China that is prone to aeolian desertification, has a surface-soil particle composition that plays a critical role in regional ecosystem stability. This study analyzed the particle composition of surface soils collected from 180 sampling points across 60 plots in Xinjiang, China. Using the aridity index, sampling sites were classified into semi-arid, arid, and hyper-arid plots to examine the fractal characteristics of soil particle-size distributions across drought gradients and to assess how environmental factors influence these fractal properties in surface soils. The results demonstrated that (1) With increasing aridity, the surface-soil particle-size distribution became progressively coarser and showed clear transitional features. Semi-arid and arid plots were dominated by silt, whereas hyper-arid plots were dominated by sand, with very fine and fine sand together accounting for 53.48%. (2) Overall, the soils exhibited poor sorting. Particle dispersion decreased with increasing aridity, resulting in progressively narrower size distributions, and the fractal dimensions ranged from 1.98 to 2.47. (3) The fractal dimension was strongly influenced by clay content, showing positive correlations with clay and silt and a significant negative correlation with sand. Furthermore, the model-fitting performance of the fractal dimension in plots under different aridity gradients followed the order: hyper-arid>arid>semi-arid. (4) The factor detector results indicated that mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean annual temperature (MAT), soil type, and parent material had strong explanatory power for the soil fractal dimension. Structural equation modeling further showed that, among the continuous variables examined, climatic factors had a significant influence on the surface-soil fractal dimension in Xinjiang. Specifically, MAP and wind speed exerted positive effects, whereas MAT had a negative effect. This research provides a scientific basis for regional soil use and ecological management, supporting soil and water conservation, vegetation restoration, and ecosystem stability in Xinjiang.

Key words: fractal dimension, particle size distribution, soil texture, driving factors, Xinjiang

LIU Quanyu, LIU Xinlu, LI Guizhen, LI Congjuan. Fractal characteristics and driving factors of soil particle size in the surface layer of Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(1): 56-68.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Classification standards of particle size parameters"

标准偏差（ $σ 0$ ）		偏度（ $S 0$ ）		峰度（ $K 0$ ）
分选级别	取值范围	偏度等级	取值范围	峰度等级	取值范围
极好	$σ 0 ≤ 0.35$	极负偏	$- 1.0 ≤ S 0 ≤ - 0.3$	很宽平	$K 0 ≤ 0.67$
好	$0.35 σ 0 ≤ 0.50$	负偏	$- 0.3 S 0 ≤ - 0.1$	宽平	$0.67 K 0 ≤ 0.90$
较好	$0.50 σ 0 ≤ 0.71$	近于对称	$- 0.1 S 0 ≤ 0.1$	中等	$0.90 K 0 ≤ 1.11$
中等	$0.71 σ 0 ≤ 1.00$	正偏	$0.1 S 0 ≤ 0.3$	尖窄	$1.11 K 0 ≤ 1.56$
较差	$1.00 σ 0 ≤ 2.00$	极正偏	$0.3 S 0 ≤ 1.0$	很尖窄	$1.56 K 0 ≤ 3.00$
差	$2.00 σ 0 ≤ 4.00$			极尖窄	$K 0 3.00$
极差	$σ 0 4.00$

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

Tab. 7

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Tab. 8

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样地分类	MAP/mm	MAT/℃	AI
半干旱样地	307.20±11.43	0.35±0.85	0.31±0.08
干旱样地	140.13±9.81	4.82±0.78	0.10±0.04
极端干旱样地	34.00±10.73	10.49±0.80	0.018±0.005

样地分类	黏粒/%	粉粒/%	砂粒/%
样地分类	黏粒/%	粉粒/%	极细砂	细砂	中砂	粗砂	总量
半干旱样地	5.33±0.39a	85.17±1.158a	8.19±0.81c	1.32±0.29b	0.57±0.47a	0.22±0.02a	9.50±1.05c
干旱样地	5.34±0.44a	72.63±2.87b	14.34±1.38b	7.09±1.78b	0.97±0.74a	0.02±0.01a	21.99±3.16b
极端干旱样地	2.35±0.96b	43.20±7.79c	30.07±3.95a	23.41±5.87a	0.52±0.29a	0.02±0.01a	54.45±8.48a

母质类型	样本数	黏粒占比/%	粉粒占比/%	砂粒占比/%	分形维数
坡、残积母质	102	5.32±0.42a	75.31±3.17a	19.37±3.40b	2.45±0.03a
洪、冲积母质	48	4.69±3.25a	72.98±3.80a	22.24±4.38b	2.37±0.06a
风积母质	21	1.07±1.65b	24.63±7.41b	74.29±7.97a	2.01±0.15b
黄土状母质	9	5.03±1.00a	77.70±2.94a	17.27±3.65b	2.44±0.04a

土壤类型	样本数	黏粒占比/%	粉粒占比/%	砂粒占比/%	分形维数
风沙土	24	0.91±0.53b	25.65±9.18c	73.44±9.69a	2.00±0.34b
黑钙土	24	5.71±0.47a	85.24±1.89a	9.05±1.65bc	2.47±0.05a
黑毡土	9	6.20±0.53a	87.16±0.82a	6.64±0.55c	2.49±0.03a
冷钙土	9	4.55±0.9ab	79.93±5.00ab	15.52±9.01bc	2.43±0.02a
粟钙土	33	4.91±0.59ab	78.72±2.97ab	16.36±3.37bc	2.45±0.02a
盐土	15	3.88±1.15ab	75.89±5.99ab	20.23±6.87bc	2.35±0.08a
棕钙土	18	5.65±1.18a	72.55±5.32b	21.58±6.49bc	2.47±0.03a
棕漠土	24	6.32±1.16a	64.27±4.31b	29.41±5.27b	2.46±0.09a

土地利用方式	样本数	黏粒占比/%	粉粒占比/%	砂粒占比/%	分形维数
草地	123	4.85±0.42a	71.29±20.28a	23.85±3.45b	2.42±0.03a
林地	30	5.00±0.50a	82.31±5.53a	12.69±1.98b	2.44±0.06a
未利用土地	27	3.30±1.43a	43.17±31.59b	53.53±11.73a	2.09±0.41b

Fractal characteristics and driving factors of soil particle size in the surface layer of Xinjiang

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样地分类	ASL/m	坡度	坡向	BD/g·cm^-3	SWC/%
半干旱样地	1994.33±161.92a	7.46±1.21a	175.66±27.70a	82.91±6.74b	23.76±3.46a
干旱样地	1758.58±194.67ab	4.22±0.87b	175.75±22.50a	119.01±6.51a	8.75±1.88b
极端干旱样地	1195.86±184.51b	2.03±0.97b	229.82±31.80a	134.00±4.76a	4.05±1.70c
样地分类	SOM/g·kg^-1	pH	EC/μS·cm^-1	NDVI	风速/m·s^-1
半干旱样地	99.85±11.98a	6.68±0.26b	146.47±16.42b	0.51±0.04a	10.46±0.88a
干旱样地	29.41±7.35b	8.23±0.11a	3813.46±1692.26a	0.21±0.03b	10.69±0.59a
极端干旱样地	7.96±4.24c	8.52±0.31a	3625.83±1122.65a	0.14±0.03b	9.14±0.44a

驱动因子	MAP	MAT	ASL	坡度	坡向	BD	SWC	SOM	pH	EC	NDVI	风速	分形维数
MAP	1.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
MAT	-0.68^**	1.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
ASL	0.20	-0.73^**	1.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
坡度	0.45^**	-0.60^**	0.58^**	1.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
坡向	-0.19	0.66^**	-0.019	0.033	1.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
BD	-0.61^**	0.56^**	-0.42^**	-0.58^**	0.089	1.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
SWC	0.66^**	-0.61^**	0.44^**	-0.54^**	-0.14	-0.84^**	1.00	-	-	-	-	-	-
SOM	0.75^**	-0.67^**	0.38^**	-0.64^**	-0.15	-0.84^**	0.88^**	1.00	-	-	-	-	-
pH	-0.79^**	0.59^**	-0.21^**	-0.47^**	0.012	0.71^**	-0.70^**	-0.79^**	1.00	-	-	-	-
EC	-0.33^*	-0.43^**	-0.23	-0.30^*	0.11	0.05	-0.12	-0.24	0.21	1.00	-	-	-
NDVI	0.75^**	-0.61^**	0.31^*	-0.57^**	-0.029	-0.81^**	0.79^**	0.84^**	-0.81^**	-0.22	1.00	-	-
风速	0.17	-0.20	-0.09	-0.09	0.03	0.05	0.001	0.071	-0.16	-0.18	-0.10	1.00	-
分形维数	0.42^**	-0.45^**	0.12	0.16	-0.10	-0.12	0.16	0.24	-0.26^*	-0.10	0.16	0.29^*	1.00

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