Abstract: In recent years，the relationship between the border migration settlement farming and ecological environment of Xinjiang in the period of Qing Dynasty has become a hot-spot research subject. But the most researchers take their studies only from economic aspect as starting point and put too much emphasis on the negative impact of wasteland farming，believing that wasteland farming by the border migration settlement would make the nature environment worse. In this way many positive effects were ignored and not involved in their studies，and they believed that wasteland farming by border migration settlement  is the main cause of land desertification expanding. In fact，such a conclusion is not consistent with historical facts. The innovation of the thesis in this paper tend to select the border migration settlement of the Eastern Tianshan North Road in the Qing Dynasty as the research object and give an affirmative opinion about the positive effects on it and use the historical geography theories and methods of agriculture in small-scale in the range to explore interaction between settlement policies carried out under the farmland reclamation and ecological environmental changes so as to find the proper and correct positioning to the reality. The purpose of the thrust of the paper is not to re-examine the ecological environment，but to explore the relevant human elements through the process of the formation from the perspective of settlement policy,immigration population opening-up wasteland-scale，agricultural technology selection，land ownership and the relevant data based on the basis of previous studies，and from which you will finally find that wasteland farming plays an important rule on the ecological environment in its positive aspect，namely desert becoming into oasis rather than expanding desertification caused by. In other word，its negative impact is not prominent.Thus for us to be able to correctly understand the Qing Dynasty in the environmental changes and in fact provide a theoretical support. The paper concluded that nature itself，human war，the destruction of forests and other facts that might be the major factors in environmental changes in Xinjiang and the negative impact caused by the settlement was very negligible. No doubts，our studies also need to do further research in future.

Key words: the Eastern Tianshan north road, mmigration and cultivation, echnology choices, cological environment