Abstract: The economic belt on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains is a highly developed area with modern industry, agriculture, transportation, information, education, science, and technology, and is a concentration of higher productivity in Xinjiang. It is the core zone of the national Silk Road economic belt, and playsan important leading and radiating role in Xinjiang’s economic and social development. Its GDP accounts for more than 53% of Xinjiang, its industrial added value accounts for 67% of Xinjiang’s, and its urbanization is 68.9%, which is far higher than the average value of 42.1%. However, its water resources account for only 11% of that of Xinjiang. Thus, the Water Transfer Projects of Two Rivers are being implemented, one after the other,to solve the water resource shortage. Meeting various water resource requirements has become an important problem, not only for optimizing water allocation, such as water originating in the basin and that flowing from outside basin, water located at higher and lower elevation, ground water and surface water, and so on, but also to coordinate water for urban and rural areas, military units and local governments, various industries, economic society, and ecological programs. This paper analyzes water use, ecological water requirements, the current situation, and existing problems of water exploitation and use. Combined with additional new water resources provided by the projects mentioned above, this paper provides principles for optimized allocation of water resources, practices water resources governance, and five objective ideas for development and comprehensive regulation measures, and reaches the following conclusions. (1) Combined with the Water Transfer Projects of Two Rivers, a water channel running east to west on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountainsconnects rivers running from the south to the north, allowing water to flow south- north and east- west. The projects realize optimized water resource allocation in the region covered with a Big Water Network. (2) Following the principle of water determining land use, agricultural yield, city development, and economic development, national land use policies should be strengthened to be controlled and administrated and the production- living- ecological spaces development pattern should be optimized based on the principles of intensive and efficient production space, livable moderate living space, and natural harmony with ecological spaces. (3) To break the limits that arid area face with weak water resources workloads and high pressures of ecological stress and low economic development ability, the Big Water Network will be built scientifically based on thinking from the three dimensions of water resources, the environment, and economic society.Water development will be located and production and ecological waters will be allocated rationally, coordinated with production- living- ecological spaces, to realize both ecological protection and high quality development. (4) To face the future and the development of new infrastructure projects, it is necessary integrate smart networks with the water physical, information, and management networks.This represents the development direction of modern smart water infrastructure and is also at the forefront of contemporary water technology.

Key words: water resources, ecological environment, optimized allocation production-living-ecological spaces, development pattern, smart water network