基于最小数据集的新疆沙湾市农田土壤质量评价与障碍诊断

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.713

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the soil quality status of farmland in Shawan City of Xinjiang, China and to clarify the key influencing factors on productivity level, and promote the construction of high standard farmland in Shawan City, this paper build the minimum dataset of farmland soil quality with principal component analysis and cluster analysis, and combined with an obstacle factor diagnostic model, the characteristics and obstacle factors of agricultural soil quality in the Shawan area were revealed. The results led to three main conclusions. (1) There were significant differences between the results of soil quality evaluations using different datasets. The soil quality indices determined using the minimum dataset based on cluster analysis and using the total dataset significantly positively correlated (R²=0.591, P<0.1),the Nash effective coefficient was -4.923, indicating that the minimum dataset based on cluster analysis gave better results than the minimum dataset based on principal component analysis. This indicated that the minimum dataset based on cluster analysis was more suitable than the minimum dataset based on principal component analysis for replacing the total dataset when evaluating farmland soil quality. (2) The overall soil quality in the study area was found to be moderate and better, and the soil quality indices were 0.130-0.641. Farmland in Shawan City was divided into five classes using the soil quality index minimum dataset. Class I soil was mainly in the northern and northwestern parts, and class V soil was mainly in the southeastern part of the study area, indicating that the soil quality was generally high in the northwest and low in the southeast. (3) There were obvious obstacles in the research area, which low organic matter contents, insufficient nitrogen, and high electrical conductivities were the main obstacles. The research results can be used to effectively improve the soil quality of local farmland. It is recommended that in the process of farmland management, not only applying organic fertilizer, take measures such as deep tillage, planting weeds, covering straw, and plastic film to improve the soil.

Key words: principal component analysis, cluster analysis, minimum dataset, soil quality evaluation, obstacle

GAO Haifeng, WANG Xiyuan, WU Haoying, LEI Haifeng. Quality evaluation and obstacle diagnosis of farmland soil in Shawan City of Xinjiang based on minimum dataset[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(9): 1555-1565.

Figures/Tables 10

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评价指标	公因子方差			权重
评价指标	全数据集	最小数据集（MDS-PCA）	最小数据集（MDS-CA）	全数据集	最小数据集（MDS-PCA）	最小数据集（MDS-CA）
pH	0.634	-	0.762	0.104	-	0.271
电导率	0.844	-	0.825	0.138	-	0.293
有机质	0.887	0.898	0.731	0.145	0.458	0.260
有效磷	0.847	0.159	0.494	0.138	0.082	0.176
速效钾	0.602	-	-	0.098	-	-
全氮	0.911	0.902	-	0.149	0.460	-
全磷	0.812	-	-	0.133	-	-
碱解氮	0.582	-	-	0.095	-	-

函数类型	评价指标	隶属函数参数
函数类型	评价指标	a	b₁	b₂	b
S型隶属函数	有机质/g·kg^-1	0.280	-	-	4.500
	有效磷/mg·kg^-1	2.700	-	-	96.200
	速效钾/mg·kg^-1	54.800	-	-	1983.000
	全氮/g·kg^-1	0.351	-	-	5.392
	全磷/g·kg^-1	0.500	-	-	1.520
	碱解氮/mg·kg^-1	19.000	-	-	342.000
抛物线型隶属函数	pH	7.740	8.000	8.500	9.050
抛物线型隶属函数	电导率µS·cm^-1	118.200	500.000	2000.000	4540.000

土壤指标	最小值	最大值	均值	标准偏差	变异系数CV/%	养分水平分级
pH	7.700	9.050	8.233	0.226	2.7	-
电导率/µS·cm^-1	118.200	4540.000	587.684	791.211	134.6	-
有机质/g·kg^-1	0.280	4.500	1.448	0.658	45.5	六
有效磷/mg·kg^-1	2.700	96.200	22.342	15.591	69.8	二
速效钾/mg·kg^-1	54.800	1983.000	355.554	235.733	66.3	一
全氮/g·kg^-1	0.351	5.392	0.975	0.601	61.6	四
全磷/g·kg^-1	0.500	1.520	0.975	0.171	17.5	二
碱解氮/mg·kg^-1	19.000	342.000	64.568	42.082	65.2	四

土壤指标	级别
土壤指标	极高	高	中上	中	低	极低
有机质/g·kg^-1	>40	30~40	20~30	10~20	6~10	<6
全氮/g·kg^-1	>2.00	1.50~2.00	1.00~1.50	0.75~1.00	0.50~0.75	<0.50
全磷/g·kg^-1	>1.0	0.8~1.0	0.6~0.8	0.4~0.6	0.2~0.4	<0.2
碱解氮/mg·kg^-1	>150	120~150	90~120	60~90	30~60	<30
有效磷/mg·kg^-1	>40	20~40	10~20	5~10	3~5	<3
速效钾/mg·kg^-1	>200	150~200	100~150	50~100	30~50	<30

土壤属性	成分载荷矩阵			Norm值
土壤属性	1	2	3	Norm值
全氮/g·kg^-1	0.791	0.460	-0.271	1.616
速效钾/mg·kg^-1	0.748	-0.177	-0.103	1.430
有机质/g·kg^-1	0.727	0.555	-0.222	1.543
碱解氮/mg·kg^-1	0.718	-0.026	-0.257	1.380
全磷/g·kg^-1	0.714	0.097	0.541	1.466
pH	-0.593	0.527	0.060	1.287
电导率/µS·cm^-1	0.394	-0.777	-0.291	1.235
有效磷/mg·kg^-1	0.552	-0.119	0.727	1.299
特征值	3.551	1.457	1.109	-
累计贡献率/%	44.390	62.602	76.459	-

Quality evaluation and obstacle diagnosis of farmland soil in Shawan City of Xinjiang based on minimum dataset

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土壤指标	pH	电导率	有机质	有效磷	速效钾	全氮	全磷	碱解氮
pH	1.000
电导率	-0.515^**	1.000
有机质	-0.226^*	-0.041	1.000
有效磷	-0.298^**	0.125	0.198^*	1.000
速效钾	-0.327^**	0.469^**	0.375^**	0.325^**	1.000
全氮	-0.229^*	0.080	0.875^**	0.206^*	0.550^**	1.000
全磷	-0.341^**	0.073	0.432^**	0.618^**	0.466^**	0.446^**	1.000
碱解氮	-0.436^**	0.272^**	0.484^**	0.266^**	0.433^**	0.517^**	0.326^**	1.000

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