中国季风边缘区表土孢粉分布特征及其影响因素

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.059

干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 53-62.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.059 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024059

中国季风边缘区表土孢粉分布特征及其影响因素

吴思琪¹(), 魏海芹², 陈春珠¹(), 魏立斯¹, 赵文伟¹, 李焕¹, 孙义¹, 蒋庆丰¹, 张肖剑³, 赵艳⁴

1.南通大学地理科学学院，江苏南通 226019
2.临朐县山旺国家级自然保护区管护中心，山东潍坊 262617
3.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，江苏南京 210023
4.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101

收稿日期:2024-01-26 修回日期:2024-05-30 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-01-21
通讯作者: 陈春珠（1988-），女，博士，副教授，主要从事古生态与古气候研究. E-mail: pollenchencz@gmail.com
作者简介:吴思琪（2005-），女，本科生，主要从事古生态与古气候研究. E-mail: wh2113657@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0801501);国家自然科学基金项目(42171157);国家自然科学基金项目(41907379)

Distribution characteristics and its influencing factors of surface soil pollen in the marginal monsoon region of China

WU Siqi¹(), WEI Haiqin², CHEN Chunzhu¹(), WEI Lisi¹, ZHAO Wenwei¹, LI Huan¹, SUN Yi¹, JIANG Qingfeng¹, ZHANG Xiaojian³, ZHAO Yan⁴

1. School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
2. Shanwang National Nature Reserve Management and Conservation Center at Linqu, Weifang 262617, Shandong, China
3. School of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
4. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Beijing, China

Received:2024-01-26 Revised:2024-05-30 Published:2025-01-25 Online:2025-01-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究中国季风边缘区表层土壤孢粉分布特征及其影响因素，有助于提高化石孢粉重建区域植被和古季风演变的可靠性。通过对中国季风边缘区的38个样点（年降水量区间30~650 mm）的表土样品进行孢粉分析，研究了表土孢粉组合特征与气候、人类活动之间的关系。结果表明：（1）在低海拔、温带草原地区，气候相对温暖干燥，孢粉组合以苋科和蒿属为主，且蒿藜比（A/C比值）与年均降水量变化趋势基本一致。（2）中国季风边缘区的高海拔、高寒草原草甸地区，气候相对寒冷湿润，孢粉组合以莎草科、菊科和禾本科为主导，蒿属和苋科花粉的百分比之和平均为25.8%，并且该区域A/C比值与年均降水量未呈现明显相关性。（3）乔灌木孢粉总百分比与年均气温/最热月气温之间的相关性要强于与年均降水量之间的相关性。（4）这些孢粉组合特征反映了中国季风边缘区植被和水热条件在海拔上的分布特征，孢粉数据冗余分析（RDA）结果也清晰揭示了孢粉组合及主要花粉类型在最热月气温和海拔梯度上的分布。此外，真菌孢子在研究区高寒地区土壤表层中大量出现，反映了该区域放牧强度大、伴随土壤侵蚀速率高的环境特征。

关键词: 季风边缘, 表土孢粉, 植被, 气候, 放牧强度

Abstract:

Studying the distribution characteristics of surface soil pollen in the marginal monsoon region of China and the factors influencing this distribution improves the reliability of reconstructing regional vegetation and paleo-monsoon evolution based on fossil pollen data. Through surface soil pollen analysis of 38 sampling sites with annual precipitation ranging from 30-650 mm in the marginal monsoon region of China, this study investigates the relationships among surface pollen assemblages, climate, and human activities. The results reveal that: (1) In low-altitude temperate steppe regions with a relatively warm and dry climate, Amaranthaceae and Artemisia dominate the pollen assemblages, and the ratio of Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae (A/C ratio) generally aligns with average annual precipitation. (2) In high-altitude alpine steppe and meadow regions with a relatively cold and humid climate, pollen assemblages are dominated by Cyperaceae, Asteraceae, and Poaceae. The summed percentages of Artemisia and Amaranthaceae pollen average 25.8%, and no distinctive correlation exists between the A/C ratio and average annual precipitation in these regions. (3) The total tree and shrub pollen percentages exhibit a stronger correlation with average annual temperature and the temperature of the warmest month compared to average annual precipitation. (4) These pollen assemblage characteristics reflect the vegetation distribution and hydrothermal conditions at varying altitudes in the marginal monsoon region of China. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the pollen data also reveals the distribution of pollen assemblages and major pollen types along gradients of the warmest month temperature and altitude. In addition, the high abundance of fungal spores on the soil surface in the alpine region reflects environmental characteristics associated with significant grazing intensity and a subsequent high soil erosion rate.

Key words: marginal monsoon region, surface soil pollen, vegetation, climate, grazing intensity

吴思琪, 魏海芹, 陈春珠, 魏立斯, 赵文伟, 李焕, 孙义, 蒋庆丰, 张肖剑, 赵艳. 中国季风边缘区表土孢粉分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(1): 53-62.

WU Siqi, WEI Haiqin, CHEN Chunzhu, WEI Lisi, ZHAO Wenwei, LI Huan, SUN Yi, JIANG Qingfeng, ZHANG Xiaojian, ZHAO Yan. Distribution characteristics and its influencing factors of surface soil pollen in the marginal monsoon region of China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(1): 53-62.

图/表 7

图1

表1

中国季风边缘区38个表土孢粉样品采集信息"

样号	省份	经度/°E	纬度/°N	海拔/m	植被类型	样号	省份	经度/°E	纬度/°N	海拔/m	植被类型
1	内蒙古	118.1916	48.1954	594	温带草原	20	青海	101.7496	35.2380	3620	高寒草甸
2	内蒙古	117.6678	44.3608	1061	温带草原	21	青海	101.5095	34.3277	3624	高寒草甸
3	内蒙古	114.0218	43.8385	1079	温带草原	22	青海	100.0912	35.4433	3251	高寒草甸
4	内蒙古	113.8248	41.8171	1474	温带草原	23	青海	99.1968	34.3466	4246	高寒草原
5	内蒙古	111.9580	41.8743	1484	温带草原	24	青海	98.6818	37.5435	3595	高寒草甸
6	内蒙古	109.5486	41.4184	1643	温带草原	25	青海	98.3203	37.3161	3498	高寒草原
7	内蒙古	109.1272	41.4311	1442	温带草原	26	青海	98.2959	34.8516	4224	高寒草甸
8	内蒙古	108.9133	41.4994	1338	温带草原	27	青海	97.3486	33.3814	4249	高寒草原
9	内蒙古	108.3732	41.7582	1451	温带草原	28	青海	96.8674	35.0698	4325	高寒草甸
10	内蒙古	108.1852	41.8837	1362	温带草原	29	青海	96.1393	34.7171	4579	高寒草甸
11	内蒙古	108.0843	41.8669	1372	温带草原	30	青海	95.2436	34.6446	4472	高寒草原
12	内蒙古	107.3315	41.7723	1498	温带草原	31	青海	93.1708	36.9647	2857	高寒荒漠
13	内蒙古	105.7014	38.3493	1563	温带草原	32	西藏	92.2592	31.5912	4591	高寒草甸
14	内蒙古	105.5002	38.1114	1487	温带草原	33	西藏	92.2586	31.5915	4590	高寒草甸
15	内蒙古	100.3784	39.8783	1325	温带荒漠	34	西藏	91.7169	31.9666	4623	高寒草甸
16	甘肃	99.4784	38.9213	3172	高寒草原	35	西藏	90.4644	29.2524	3667	高寒草原
17	甘肃	99.4784	38.9214	3170	高寒草原	36	西藏	85.4007	32.0089	4890	高寒草原
18	甘肃	100.8250	37.9754	3266	高寒灌丛草甸	37	西藏	83.8801	29.7957	4628	高寒草原
19	青海	102.1994	34.1744	3569	高寒灌木草甸	38	西藏	80.2225	31.8252	4449	高寒草原

表1

图2

图3

表2

图4

图5

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气候参数	方差膨胀因子（VIF）		气候变量作为唯一预测因子	约束轴置换检验（ANOVA）
气候参数	运行1	运行2	方差解释量/%	方差解释量/%	P值
年均降水量	17.3	15.8	7.2	1.0	0.129
最热月降水量	14.0	14.0	5.2	1.1	0.089
最冷月降水量	1.8	1.6	4.0	0.8	0.158
年均气温	446.1	-	-	-	-
最热月气温	340.8	2.5	12.9	5.3	0.001
最冷月气温	97.2	1.0	0.5	0.4	0.558

中国季风边缘区表土孢粉分布特征及其影响因素

Distribution characteristics and its influencing factors of surface soil pollen in the marginal monsoon region of China

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