近30 a新疆地州市旅游气候舒适度时空特征分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

依据1990—2020年新疆105个国家级气象观测站点采集的详尽气候观测资料，采用了温湿指数（THI）、风寒指数（WCI）以及着衣指数（ICL）3项关键指标，对新疆15个地州市的旅游气候舒适度与舒适期进行了系统性评估与科学分析。结果表明：（1）新疆全年旅游气候舒适度最高月主要集中在5—6月和9月。（2）根据综合旅游气候舒适度指数，哈密市、阿勒泰地区、博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、伊犁哈萨克自治州直属县市与克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州的年内旅游气候舒适度呈“倒U”型变化，乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、石河子市、吐鲁番市、昌吉回族自治州、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、塔城地区、阿克苏地区、喀什地区、和田地区呈“M”型变化。（3）通过对旅游舒适期的分析发现，南疆地区旅游舒适期最长，北疆地区次之，东疆较短，其中，喀什地区与和田地区的旅游舒适期最长，为3—10月，然而舒适期的长短不是制约旅游客流量最关键的要素，有时也会出现反舒适度的旅游状况。

关键词: 旅游气候舒适度, 时空特征, 温湿指数, 新疆

Abstract:

Utilizing detailed climate data collected from 105 national meteorological observation stations in Xinjiang, China during 1990—2020, this study systematically evaluates the tourism climate comfort and comfort period across fifteen prefectural and municipal cities in Xinjiang. Three key indicators [the temperature and humidity index (THI), wind-cold index (WCI), and index of clothing (ICL)] were employed for the analysis. The findings reveal as follows: (1) The months with the highest tourism climate comfort in Xinjiang are primarily May, June, and September. (2) According to the comprehensive tourism climate comfort index, Hami City, Altay Prefecture, Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, and counties and cities directly under Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture and Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture exhibit an inverted U-shaped annual pattern. In contrast, Urumqi City, Karamay City, Shihezi City, Turpan City, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Bayingol Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Tacheng Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture, Kashgar Prefecture, and Hotan Prefecture demonstrate an “M”-shaped pattern. (3) Analysis of the travel comfort period indicates that the southern border region enjoys the longest travel comfort period, followed by the northern border region, with the eastern border region having the shortest. Notably, Kashgar Prefecture and Hotan Prefecture have the longest comfort period, spanning March to October. However, the duration of the comfort period is not the sole determinant of tourist flow, as travel conditions may sometimes contradict comfort levels.

Key words: tourist climate comfort levels, spatial and temporal characteristics, temperature and humidity index, Xinjiang

贾妮娅·叶力肯, 侯建楠, 刘思博. 近30 a新疆地州市旅游气候舒适度时空特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(2): 212-222.

Jianiya YERKEN, HOU Jiannan, LIU Sibo. Spatio-temporal characterization of tourism climate comfort in Xinjiang prefectures and cities in the last 30 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(2): 212-222.

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温湿指数（THI）		风寒指数（WCI）		着衣指数（ICL）		级别	赋值
范围	人体感知描述	范围	人体感知描述	范围	适宜着装推荐	级别	赋值
<40	极度低温，极度不适感	≤-1000	寒冷刺骨的风	>2.5	高保暖度的羽绒服或毛皮外套	e	-1
40~45	低温，显著不适	-1000~-800	明显的寒冷风	1.8~2.5	加厚外套，以提升保暖性能	d	0
45~55	偏低温，轻微不适	-800~-600	稍显寒冷的风	1.5~1.8	适合冬季的常规保暖服装	c	1
55~60	凉爽，舒适度良好	-600~-300	温和的凉风	1.3~1.5	适合春秋季节的常规服装	b	2
60~65	凉爽，极佳的舒适度	-300~-200	温和舒适的风	0.7~1.3	适合日常穿着的衬衫和常规服装	A	3
65~70	温暖，良好的舒适度	-200~-50	温暖的风	0.5~0.7	轻便的夏季服装	B	2
70~75	稍微偏热，尚可接受	-50~80	微感温暖的风	0.3~0.5	适合夏季的短袖开领衫	C	1
75~80	闷热，不适感明显	80~160	显著的热风感	0.1~0.3	热带地区的轻薄单衣	D	0
>80	极度闷热，极度不适	≥160	难以忍受的热风	<0.1	适合炎热天气的短裙或短裤	E	-1

3个指数之和	旅游气候舒适度
Y≥6	舒适
6>Y>3	较舒适
3≥Y>0	较不舒适
Y≤0	不舒适

地区	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月
阿勒泰地区	eee	eee	ede	ccc	bbb	BAA	BAA	BbA	cbb	ccd	ede	eee
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州	ede	ede	ecd	cbc	AbA	BAA	BAA	BAA	AbA	cbc	ece	ede
塔城地区	ede	ede	ecd	cbc	AbA	BAA	CAB	BAA	bbA	cbd	ecd	ede
伊犁哈萨克自治州直属县市	ede	ece	dcd	bbc	AbA	BAA	BAA	BAA	AbA	cbd	ecd	ece
克拉玛依市	ede	ede	ecd	bbb	AbA	CBC	CBC	CBC	BAA	Cbb	ecd	eee
石河子市	ede	ede	ecd	bbb	AbA	CBB	CBC	CBB	AAA	cbb	ecd	ede
乌鲁木齐市	eee	ede	ecd	cbc	Abb	BAA	BAB	BAA	BbA	ccd	ecd	ede
昌吉回族自治州	eee	ede	ecd	cbc	AbA	DAA	EBB	BAA	AbA	cbd	ece	ece
吐鲁番市	ece	ecd	cbc	AbA	CBB	DCE	DDE	DDD	CBB	bbb	dbd	ece
哈密市	ede	ede	dcd	ccd	bbb	AbA	BAA	AAA	bcb	ccd	ede	ede
巴音郭楞蒙古自治州	ede	ece	ccd	bbb	BbA	DAA	EBB	DAB	AbA	cbc	ecd	ede
阿克苏地区	ece	ecd	cbd	bbb	BAA	BAB	CBB	CBB	BAA	cbc	dbd	ece
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州	ede	ecd	dcd	ccc	bbb	AbA	AbA	AbA	bbb	cbd	ecd	ede
喀什地区	ece	ecd	cbc	bbb	AbA	BAA	CBB	CBB	AAA	cbb	dbd	ece
和田地区	ece	dcd	cbc	AbA	BAA	BAB	CBC	CBB	AAA	bbb	ccd	cce

地区	舒适期/月	较舒适期/月	较不舒适期/月	不舒适期/月	舒适期月数/个月
阿勒泰地区	5—8	9	4、10	1—3、11—12	5
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州	5—9	4、10	-	1—3、11—12	7
塔城地区	5—9	4	10	1—3、11—12	6
伊犁哈萨克自治州直属县市	5—9	4	3、10	1—2、11—12	6
克拉玛依市	4—5、9	6—8、10	-	1—3、11—12	7
石河子市	4—5、9	6—8、10	-	1—3、11—12	7
乌鲁木齐市	5—9	4	10	1—3、11—12	6
昌吉回族自治州	5—6、8—9	4	10	1—3、7、11—12	5
吐鲁番市	4、10	3、5、9	11	1—2、6—8、12	5
哈密市	5—8	9	3、4、10	1—2、11—12	5
巴音郭楞蒙古自治州	4—6、9	8、10	3、7	1—2、11—12	6
阿克苏地区	4—6、9	7—8、10	3、11	1—2、12	7
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州	5—9	-	3—4、10	1—2、11—12	5
喀什地区	4—6、9	3、7—8、10	11	1—2、12	8
和田地区	4—6、9—10	3、7—8	11	1—2、12	8