东昆仑鲸鱼湖流域冰川、湖泊对气候变化的响应

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.092

干旱区地理 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 1640-1650.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.092 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024092

• 第三次新疆综合科学考察 • 上一篇下一篇

东昆仑鲸鱼湖流域冰川、湖泊对气候变化的响应

陈丽花¹^,²(), 车彦军¹^,²(), 曹昀¹, 张明军³^,⁴, 谷来磊³^,⁴, 吴佳康¹^,², 吕卫卫¹^,²

1.江西师范大学地理与环境学院，江西南昌 330022
2.宜春学院地理科学系，江西宜春 336000
3.西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃兰州 730070
4.甘肃省绿洲资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2024-02-15 修回日期:2024-06-03 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-11-27
通讯作者: 车彦军（1988-），男，副教授，主要从事冰川与冰湖作用研究. E-mail: che_yanjun@126.com
作者简介:陈丽花（1999-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事冰川冰湖演变与气候变化. E-mail: chen_lh@126.com
基金资助:
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0100);江西省自然科学基金项目(20232BAB203060);国家自然科学基金项目(42101135);国家自然科学基金项目(42461022);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2201708);江西师范大学研究生国内外访学研究项目;甘肃省科技计划项目(22JR5RA091)

Responses of glacier and lake to local climate change in the Jingyu Lake Basin, east Kunlun Mountains

CHEN Lihua¹^,²(), CHE Yanjun¹^,²(), CAO Yun¹, ZHANG Mingjun³^,⁴, GU Lailei³^,⁴, WU Jiakang¹^,², LYU Weiwei¹^,²

1. School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
2. Department of Geographical Science, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
3. College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
4. Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China

Received:2024-02-15 Revised:2024-06-03 Published:2024-10-25 Online:2024-11-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以东昆仑鲸鱼湖流域为研究区，通过解译Landsat系列影像获取1990—2023年流域内冰川和湖泊范围，同时利用内陆水域水文时间序列数据库水位数据集和全球冰川物质平衡数据集，分析鲸鱼湖流域冰川面积、储量和物质平衡及鲸鱼湖面积、水位和储量变化特征。此外，结合ERA5再分析资料，探讨流域内冰川和湖泊的变化，及其对气候变化的响应过程。结果表明：（1）1990—2023年，鲸鱼湖呈现显著扩张趋势，从266.00 km²扩张至399.30 km²，面积扩张了133.30 km²，扩张速率为4.66 km²·a^-1；2013—2023年湖泊水位上升5.19 m，水位上升速率为0.55 m·a^-1；湖泊水量增加1.31 km³，年增量为0.16 km³。（2）1990—2023年流域内冰川呈现显著退缩趋势，冰川面积减小4.59 km²，变化速率为-0.12 km²·a^-1，冰川储量减少0.38 km³，变化速率为-0.01 km³·a^-1；2000—2020年冰川多年平均物质平衡为-1.22×10^-4 m w.e.。（3）1990—2021年流域内年平均气温显著升高，年升温率为0.02 ℃·a^-1，但是夏季升温不显著。年降水量显著增多，速率为2.11 mm·a^-1，降水集中在夏季，夏季降水量占年降水量的78.9%。（4）流域内降水是导致湖泊扩张的主要因素。研究揭示了鲸鱼湖流域冰川、湖泊对气候变化的响应，可为当地政府优化水资源配置和管理提供参考。

关键词: 鲸鱼湖, 冰川, 气候变化, 东昆仑

Abstract:

Glaciers and lakes are highly sensitive to climate change. This study examines the boundaries of glaciers and lakes in the Jingyu Lake Basin, east Kunlun Mountains from 1990 to 2023 using Landsat series imagery. In addition, the DAHITI water level dataset and the global glacier mass balance dataset were utilized to analyze changes in glacier area, volume, and mass balance, as well as the area, water level, and volume of the Jingyu Lake Basin. ERA5 meteorological reanalysis data were employed to assess the response of glaciers and lakes in the basin to climate change. The results indicate a significant expansion trend in the Jingyu Lake. From 1990 to 2023, Jingyu Lake expanded by 133.30 km² at a rate of 4.66 km²·a^-1. Between 2013 and 2023, the lake’s water level rose by 5.19 m, with an annual increase rate of 0.55 m·a^-1, and its volume increased by 1.31 km³, averaging an annual increment of 0.16 km³. During the same period, the glacier area decreased by 4.59 km² at a rate of -0.12 km²·a^-1, and the glacier volume declined by 0.38 km³ at a rate of -0.01 km³·a^-1. The average annual glacier mass balance from 2000 to 2020 was -1.22×10^-4 m w.e. The average annual temperature in the Jingyu Lake Basin increased significantly from 1990 to 2021, with an annual warming rate of 0.02 ℃·a^-1. In contrast, summer precipitation showed no significant warming trend, while the annual precipitation increased notably at a rate of 2.11 mm·a^-1, with 78.9% of precipitation occurring in summer. Precipitation is identified as the primary factor contributing to lake expansion in the basin. This study highlights the response of glaciers and lakes in the Jingyu Lake Basin to climate change, providing valuable insights for local governments in optimizing water resource allocation and management.

Key words: Jingyu Lake, glaciers, climate change, east Kunlun Mountains

陈丽花, 车彦军, 曹昀, 张明军, 谷来磊, 吴佳康, 吕卫卫. 东昆仑鲸鱼湖流域冰川、湖泊对气候变化的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(10): 1640-1650.

CHEN Lihua, CHE Yanjun, CAO Yun, ZHANG Mingjun, GU Lailei, WU Jiakang, LYU Weiwei. Responses of glacier and lake to local climate change in the Jingyu Lake Basin, east Kunlun Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(10): 1640-1650.

图/表 8

图1

表1

遥感影像信息"

序号	数据类型	文件名称	日期（年-月-日）	云覆盖/%	用途
1	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_19900621_20200916_02_T1_20200915_02_T1	1990-06-21	5.00	冰川/湖泊
2	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_19910624_20200915_02_T1	1991-06-24	7.00	冰川/湖泊
3	Landsat5 TM	LT51400351992226BJC00	1992-08-13	2.00	冰川/湖泊
4	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_19930715_20200914_02_T1	1993-07-15	16.00	冰川/湖泊
5	Landsat5 TM	LT51400351994199ISP00	1994-07-18	0.00	冰川/湖泊
6	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_19950603_20200913_02_T1	1995-06-03	0.00	冰川/湖泊
7	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_19960925_20170102_01_T1	1996-09-25	1.00	湖泊
8	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_19970811_20200910_02_T1	1997-08-11	1.00	湖泊
9	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_19980814_20200908_02_T1	1998-08-14	10.00	湖泊
10	Landsat7 ETM+	LE71400351999237SGS01	1999-08-25	0.00	冰川/湖泊
11	Landsat7 ETM+	LE71400352000240SGS00	2000-08-27	5.00	冰川/湖泊
12	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_20000904_20200907_02_T1	2000-09-04	5.00	冰川/湖泊
13	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_20010721_20200906_02_T1	2001-07-21	1.00	冰川/湖泊
14	Landsat7 ETM+	LE07_L1TP_140035_20010814_20180228_01_T1	2001-08-14	27.00	冰川
15	Landsat7 ETM+	LE71400352002133EDC00	2002-05-13	4.00	湖泊
16	Landsat7 ETM+	LE07_L1TP_140035_20030921_20170124_01_T1	2003-09-21	0.00	冰川/湖泊
17	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_20030913_20200904_02_T1	2003-09-13	29.00	冰川/湖泊
18	Landsat5 TM	LT51400352004259BJC00	2004-09-15	1.00	冰川/湖泊
19	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_20050902_20200901_02_T1	2005-09-02	20.00	湖泊
20	Landsat5 TM	LT51400352006232IKR00	2006-08-20	17.00	冰川/湖泊
21	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_20060905_20200831_02_T1	2006-09-05	27.00	冰川/湖泊
22	Landsat5 TM	LT51400352007203IKR00	2007-07-22	1.00	冰川/湖泊
23	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_20080825_20200829_02_T1	2008-08-25	7.00	冰川/湖泊
24	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_20090727_20200827_02_T1	2009-07-27	29.00	湖泊
25	Landsat5 TM	LT05_L1TP_140035_20100815_20200823_02_T1	2010-08-15	20.00	冰川/湖泊
26	Landsat7 ETM+	LE71400352011238PFS00	2011-08-26	0.00	湖泊
27	Landsat7 ETM+	LE71400352012257PFS00	2012-09-13	0.00	湖泊
28	Landsat8 OLI/TIRS	LC81400352013219LGN00	2013-08-07	11.85	冰川/湖泊
29	Landsat8 OLI/TIRS	LC81400352014206LGN02	2014-07-25	11.32	湖泊
30	Landsat8 OLI/TIRS	LC81400352015225LGN00	2015-08-13	4.97	湖泊
31	Landsat8 OLI/TIRS	LC81400352016196LGN01	2016-07-14	0.17	冰川/湖泊
32	Landsat8 OLI/TIRS	LC81400352017214LGN00	2017-08-02	0.16	冰川/湖泊
33	Landsat8 OLI/TIRS	LC81400352018201LGN00	2018-07-20	2.05	冰川/湖泊
34	Landsat8 OLI/TIRS	LC81400352019220LGN00	2019-08-08	3.46	湖泊
35	Landsat8 OLI/TIRS	LC08_L1TP_140035_20201013_20201105_02_T1	2020-10-13	0.44	冰川/湖泊
36	Landsat8 OLI/TIRS	LC08_L1TP_140035_20210728_20210804_02_T1	2021-07-28	0.73	冰川/湖泊
37	Landsat9 OLI/TIRS	LC09_L1TP_140035_20220723_20230406_02_T1	2022-07-23	0.31	冰川/湖泊
38	Landsat9 OLI/TIRS	LC09_L1TP_140035_20230811_20230811_02_T1	2023-08-11	2.37	冰川/湖泊

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

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东昆仑鲸鱼湖流域冰川、湖泊对气候变化的响应

Responses of glacier and lake to local climate change in the Jingyu Lake Basin, east Kunlun Mountains

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