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干旱区地理 ›› 2017, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 805-816.

• 生物与土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

2000-2015年城市和工矿用地扩张对净初级生产力的影响

刘爱琳1,2, 匡文慧1, 闫慧敏3, 丁方宇2, 杨天荣1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室, 北京 100101;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 资源利用与环境修复重点实验室, 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-15 修回日期:2017-04-01 出版日期:2017-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 匡文慧(1978-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布人,副研究员,主要研究方向为土地利用/覆盖变化与城市生态环境.Email:kuangwh@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:刘爱琳(1990-),女,河北承德人,硕士研究生,主要从事土地利用变化对生态环境影响研究.Email:liual.14s@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2014CB954302)

Impacts of urban and industrial land expansion on net primary productivity of China during 2000-2015

LIU Ai-lin1,2, KUANG Wen-hui1, DING Fang-yu3, YAN Hui-min2, YANG Tian-rong1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization and Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2016-12-15 Revised:2017-04-01 Online:2017-07-25

摘要: 中国近15 a来快速的城市化和工业化对陆地净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)的影响是关系到碳循环和全球变化效应的重要问题。首先,本文基于VPM(Vegetation Photosynthesis Model)模型得到NPP数据,基于中国土地利用数据集(National Land Use Datasets of China(NLUD-China))获取2000-2015年城市和工矿用地数据,然后通过邻域替代法模拟2000-2015年间因中国城市和工矿用地扩张损失的陆地NPP。结果表明:2015年城市和工矿用地占中国国土总面积的1.2%,在2000-2015年间面积增加了70×103 km2。城市和工矿用地扩张导致陆地NPP损失1.24 TgC·a-1到3.14 TgC·a-1,在2005-2010年损失NPP最多(3.14 TgC·a-1)。耕地被建设用地占用是造成中国陆地NPP损失的重要原因,在2010-2015年共有13×103 km2的耕地被城市和工矿用地占用,因此损失的NPP达1.51 TgC·a-1,占中国城市和工矿用地扩张损失NPP总量的82%。从时空分布特征来看,21世纪初剧烈的城市扩张造成沿海和中部地区NPP损失严重(2000-2005年沿海地区主要因城市扩张损失NPP高达0.82 TgC·a-1),而2010-2015年主要因工矿用地扩张使西部地区NPP损失升高(在2010-2015年因工矿用地扩张损失NPP 0.46 TgC·a-1,占中国NPP损失总量的30.81%),NPP损失量呈现出从东高西低逐渐过渡到东西平衡的时空格局。从影响上分析,城市和工矿用地不透水地表比例(0.59±0.19)高于自然植被的不透水地表比例(0.29±0.14),并且城市内部透水地表的平均标准化NPP(0.9)低于自然植被的平均标准化NPP(1.1),是造成城市和工矿用地损失NPP的主要原因。

关键词: 城市和工矿用地扩张, 生态系统净初级生产力, 遥感, 中国

Abstract: Based on the VPM model,we obtained the NPP data(NPPu&i)through using the improved neighborhood substitution method(i.e.,the NPP(NPPpot)of crop land or vegetable land occupied by urban and industrial land which is newly expanded between year t and year t+5(data interval of 5 years)were taken place by the vegetation types in year t within 10 km of the same area)to retrieve NPPpot during 2000-2015 and further analyzed its spatio-temporal pattern characteristics,and explained the causes of NPP loss caused by urban and industrial land transformation. The results show that urban and industrial land in 2015 accounted for about 1.21% of total land area and the expansion area of urban and industrial land in China during 2000-2015 was 72×103 km2. The loss of net primary productivity due to urban and industrial land expansion was about 1.24×104 tC·a-1 to 3.14×104 tC·a-1,the highest loss was in 2005-2010. The major cause of NPP loss was cropland converted into urban and industrial land. During 2010-2015,13.28×103 km2 of cropland had been converted into urban and industrial land,resulting in a NPP loss of 151.09×104 tC·a-1,accounting for 82% of the total loss of the total ecosystem productivity. From the spatial perspective,severe urban expansion in the early 21st century resulted in severe NPP losses in the coastal and central regions(up to 81.75×104 tC·a-1 in coastal areas in 2005)and the NPP losses (45.50×104 tC·a-1 in 2015,accounting for 30.81% of the total loss)in the western region were mainly due to the expansion of industrial land expansion in the late 21st century. The loss of ecosystem productivity gradually changed from the pattern of eastern higher than western to the east-west balance. For the mechanism analysis,the percentage of ISA(0.59 ±0.19)was higher than that of natural vegetation(0.29 ±0.14),and the mean normalized NPP(0.9)of permeable surface in the urban interior was lower than that of the natural vegetation(1.1), which was the main reason for the loss of NPP in urban and industrial land. By assessing the ecological and environmental consequences brought by urbanization and industrialization,it is very helpful to optimize the pattern of urban land use rationally and prevent urban ecological environmental risks.

Key words: expansion of urban and industrial land, NPP, remote sense, China

中图分类号: 

  • Q948.12