近60 a天山北坡冰川变化研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.509

干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 1073-1083.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.509

近60 a天山北坡冰川变化研究

杨雪雯^1,²(),王宁练^1,^2,³(),梁倩^1,²,陈安安^1,²

1.陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室，陕西西安 710127
2.西北大学城市与环境学院地表系统与灾害研究院，陕西西安 710127
3.中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室，北京 100101

收稿日期:2022-10-09 修回日期:2022-12-06 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-08-03
通讯作者: 王宁练（1966-），博士，教授，主要从事冰冻圈与全球变化研究. E-mail: nlwang@nwu.edu.cn
作者简介:杨雪雯（1996-），女，博士研究生，主要从事冰川变化与水文水资源研究. E-mail: yxw_0117@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42130516);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）(XDA20060201);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）(XDA19070302);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK020102)

Glacier changes on the north slope of Tianshan Mountains in recent 60 years

YANG Xuewen^1,²(),WANG Ninglian^1,^2,³(),LIANG Qian^1,²,CHEN An’an^1,²

1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi’an 710127, Shaanxi, China
2. Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, Shaanxi, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2022-10-09 Revised:2022-12-06 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-08-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从流域尺度揭示天山北坡冰川变化状况，对下游绿洲地区水资源的合理开发利用具有重要意义。基于多源遥感影像提取天山北坡诸河流域近期冰川边界，结合前期发布的冰川编目及ASTER DEM数据，对该区域冰川面积和物质平衡变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1）2015年前后天山北坡共计分布冰川10061条，总面积约4855.85±245.86 km²。1960s—2015年天山北坡国内段冰川面积萎缩速率为0.52%·a^-1±0.06%·a^-1，且近年来呈加速萎缩趋势（0.96%·a^-1±0.88%·a^-1）；1999—2015年天山北坡国外段冰川面积萎缩速率约为0.56%·a^-1±0.31%·a^-1。（2）2000—2020年天山北坡冰川表面高程变化速率约为-0.57±0.01 m·a^-1，冰川物质呈持续亏损态，物质平衡为-0.39±0.04 m w.e.·a^-1。（3）天山北坡东、西段冰川面积和物质平衡变化均存在一定的空间差异性，近十几年间，东段各子流域冰川面积萎缩速率和物质亏损速率均相对较大。

关键词: 天山北坡, 冰川变化, 物质平衡, 遥感

Abstract:

Understanding glacier changes on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains on the basin scale is critical for the rational development and use of water resources in downstream oases. The recent glacier boundaries on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains were obtained based on multisource remote sensing images. Combined with the glacier inventory released earlier and ASTER DEM, changes in the glacier area and mass balance in this region were analyzed. The results revealed that: (1) A total of 10061 glaciers were distributed on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains around 2015, with a total area of 4855.85±245.86 km². The glacier area on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains in China decreased at a rate of 0.52%·a⁻¹±0.06%·a⁻¹from 1960s to 2015. Furthermore, an accelerated decreasing trend was observed (0.96%·a⁻¹±0.88%·a⁻¹). The glacier area in the foreign part of the north slope of Tianshan Mountains decreased at a rate of 0.56%·a⁻¹±0.31%·a⁻¹ from 1999 to 2015. (2) The change rate of glacier surface elevation on the north slope of Tianshan Mountains from 2000 to 2020 was −0.57±0.01 m·a⁻¹, and the glacier mass balance was −0.39±0.04 m w.e.·a⁻¹. (3) An obvious spatial difference exists in the changes of glacier area and mass balance in the eastern and western parts of the north slope of Tianshan Mountains, and high decreasing rates of glacier area and mass balance were observed in the eastern part.

Key words: north slope of Tianshan Mountains, glacier change, mass balance, remote sensing

杨雪雯, 王宁练, 梁倩, 陈安安. 近60 a天山北坡冰川变化研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(7): 1073-1083.

YANG Xuewen, WANG Ninglian, LIANG Qian, CHEN An’an. Glacier changes on the north slope of Tianshan Mountains in recent 60 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(7): 1073-1083.

图/表 10

图1

表1

Landsat遥感影像列表"

影像编号	获取日期（年-月-日）	云量/%	影像编号	获取日期（年-月-日）	云量/%
LC81380302015243LGN00	2015-08-31	4.49	LC81470282016245LGN00	2016-09-01	0.04
LC81380302016214LGN00	2016-08-01	6.21	LC81470292014239LGN00	2014-08-27	4.26
LC81390302015202LGN00	2015-07-21	1.05	LC81470292016245LGN00	2016-09-01	0.14
LC81390302019229LGN00	2019-08-17	6.22	LC81470292017263LGN00	2017-09-20	0.91
LC81410302016267LGN00	2016-09-23	0.29	LC81470302014207LGN00	2014-07-26	1.88
LC81410302017269LGN00	2017-09-26	0.03	LC81470302016245LGN00	2016-09-01	1.01
LC81420302016210LGN00	2016-07-28	0.63	LC81470302017247LGN00	2017-09-04	1.64
LC81420302016242LGN00	2016-08-29	4.20	LC81470312014207LGN00	2014-07-26	17.98
LC81420302017244LGN00	2017-09-01	3.80	LC81470312015226LGN00	2015-08-14	13.77
LC81420302017260LGN00	2017-09-17	0.48	LC81470312016245LGN00	2016-09-01	6.71
LC81420302017276LGN00	2017-10-03	2.51	LC81480292015217LGN00	2015-08-05	2.00
LC81430302014243LGN00	2014-08-31	0.99	LC81480292015233LGN00	2015-08-21	0.81
LC81430302016217LGN00	2016-08-04	0.75	LC81480292016268LGN00	2016-09-24	2.26
LC81430302017203LGN00	2017-07-22	1.26	LC81480312014214LGN00	2014-08-02	12.93
LC81440302014202LGN00	2014-07-21	15.00	LC81480312015233LGN00	2015-08-21	7.09
LC81440302014234LGN00	2014-08-22	1.46	LC81480312016252LGN00	2016-09-08	17.99
LC81440302015285LGN00	2015-10-12	8.08	LC81480312017190LGN00	2017-07-09	5.78
LC81440302017210LGN00	2017-07-29	19.59	LC81490302015208LGN00	2015-07-27	9.69
LC81450292014241LGN00	2014-08-29	0.58	LC81490302015224LGN00	2015-08-12	1.79
LC81450292015196LGN00	2015-07-15	1.34	LC81490302017261LGN00	2017-09-18	0.72
LC81450292015212LGN00	2015-07-31	7.32	LC81490312015224LGN00	2015-08-12	0.99
LC81450292016231LGN00	2016-08-18	9.59	LC81490312016259LGN00	2016-09-15	0.67
LC81450292016263LGN00	2016-09-19	11.35	LC81490312017245LGN00	2017-09-02	1.54
LC81450302014241LGN00	2014-08-29	5.94	LC81500312015231LGN00	2015-08-19	0.50
LC81450302015196LGN00	2015-07-15	0.50	LC81500312016266LGN00	2016-09-22	1.14
LC81450302015212LGN00	2015-07-31	19.06	LC81510302014219LGN00	2014-08-07	0.10
LC81450302016263LGN00	2016-09-19	3.43	LC81510302015254LGN00	2015-09-11	2.06
LC81450312015196LGN00	2015-07-15	0.45	LC81510302017243LGN00	2017-08-31	0.12
LC81460292015203LGN00	2015-07-22	6.10	LC81510312016241LGN00	2016-08-28	0.55
LC81460292019246LGN00	2019-09-03	5.81	LC81520302017218LGN00	2017-08-06	0.18
LC81460302014200LGN00	2014-07-19	1.03	LC81520312014242LGN00	2014-08-30	0.02
LC81460302016222LGN00	2016-08-09	1.66	LC81530312014233LGN00	2014-08-21	0.07
LC81460302018227LGN00	2018-08-15	6.74	LC81530312016239LGN00	2016-08-26	1.19
LC81460312015203LGN00	2015-07-22	11.56	LC81530312018260LGN00	2018-09-17	3.15
LC81460312016222LGN00	2016-08-09	2.50	LC81530312020234LGN00	2020-08-21	3.69

表1

图2

图3

表2

图4

图5

图6

表3

图7

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时段	变化量/km²	相对变化率/%	相对变化速率/%·a^-1
1960s—2007年	-970.02±181.68	-22.72±4.26	-0.48±0.09
2007—2015年	-254.19±233.38	-7.70±7.07	-0.96±0.88
1960s—2015年	-1224.21±146.49	-28.67±3.43	-0.52±0.06

监测冰川	时段	方法	物质平衡/m w.e.·a^-1	数据来源
乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川	2002—2017年	冰川学方法	-0.66	WGMS
	2012—2018年	大地测量学方法	-1.13±0.18^*	[23]
	2002—2017年	大地测量学方法	-0.48±0.04	本研究
Ts. Tuyuksuyskiy冰川	2003—2018年	冰川学方法	-0.50	WGMS
	1998—2016年	大地测量学方法	-0.35±0.18	[24]
	2003—2018年	大地测量学方法	-0.51±0.04	本研究
Igli Tuyuksu冰川	1998—2016年	大地测量学方法	-0.37±0.16	[24]
Igli Tuyuksu冰川	2003—2018年	大地测量学方法	-0.37±0.04	本研究
Golubin冰川	2010—2017年	冰川学方法	-0.38	WGMS
	2000—2019年	模型估算方法	-0.30	[25]
	2003—2017年	大地测量学方法	-0.38±0.03	本研究
Kara-Batkak冰川	2013—2020年	冰川学方法	-0.70	WGMS
	2000—2018年	模型估算方法	-0.54±0.08	[26]
	2004—2020年	大地测量学方法	-0.45±0.05	本研究

近60 a天山北坡冰川变化研究

Glacier changes on the north slope of Tianshan Mountains in recent 60 years

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