基于生态安全格局确定县域生物多样性保护的优先区域——以布尔津县为例

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基于生态安全格局确定县域生物多样性保护的优先区域——以布尔津县为例

Determining priority areas for county biodiversity conservation based on ecological security pattern: A case study of Burqin County

基于生态安全格局确定县域生物多样性保护的优先区域——以布尔津县为例

Determining priority areas for county biodiversity conservation based on ecological security pattern: A case study of Burqin County

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.354

干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 586-598.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.354 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024354

• 第三次新疆综合科学考察 • 上一篇下一篇

闫晓梅¹^,²(), 王宏卫¹^,²(), 罗魁³, 董康宁¹^,², 郭瑞杰¹^,², 郑旭东¹^,²

1.新疆大学地理与遥感科学学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830017
2.新疆绿洲生态自治区重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017
3.云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院，云南昆明 650091

收稿日期:2024-06-06 修回日期:2024-11-05 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-18
通讯作者: 王宏卫（1967-），男，博士，教授，主要从事国土空间生态保护等方面的研究. E-mail: wanghw_777@xju.edu.cn
作者简介:闫晓梅（2000-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事干旱区生态多样性保护等方面的研究. E-mail: 107552201129@stu.xju.edu.cn
基金资助:
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0902);国家自然科学基金（地区科学基金）项目(42461036)

YAN Xiaomei¹^,²(), WANG Hongwei¹^,²(), LUO Kui³, DONG Kangning¹^,², GUO Ruijie¹^,², ZHENG Xudong¹^,²

1. School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, China
3. Institute of International Rivers and Ecological Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China

Received:2024-06-06 Revised:2024-11-05 Published:2025-04-25 Online:2025-04-18

摘要：

生态安全是人类安全乃至人类生存的重要保障，近年来生物栖息地不断减少，生态问题愈发凸显，构建生态安全格局是保护生物多样性的有效途径。选取新疆布尔津县作为研究区，通过InVEST模型与PLUS模型分析并预测布尔津县2000—2030年的生境质量时空演变特征并识别生态源地，利用电路理论确定生态廊道的空间范围和生物多样性保护的关键区域，针对不同优先级的生态保护区选取最适生态廊道宽度，提出差异化保护策略。结果表明：（1） 2000—2020年布尔津县生境质量处于中等水平，平均生境质量指数为0.4978，总体呈先下降后略微上升趋势；2020—2030年布尔津县生境质量指数持续上升。（2）研究识别出布尔津县生态源地1059.83 km²，建设源地684.26 km²，69条生态廊道以及42处生态夹点；根据两类源地扩张时耗费阻力突变点将研究区划分为不同的生态保护区并确定其保护时的优先次序，并利用新疆重要生态保护地数据对其进行修正。（3）基于不同分区内野生动物种类分别选取宽度最适的生态廊道并确定其空间范围，最终提出立体生态差异化保护策略，为县域层面的生态保护与区域发展提供参考。

关键词: 生境质量, 生态廊道, 生态安全格局, 生态保护区, 差异化保护策略

Abstract:

Ecological security is fundamental to human well-being and long-term sustainability. However, the ongoing degradation of biological habitats has intensified ecological challenges, highlighting the urgent need for effective biodiversity conservation strategies. This study examines Burqin County in Xinjiang, China, to develop an ecological security framework by analyzing habitat quality dynamics and identifying priority conservation areas. Using the InVEST and PLUS models, we evaluated the spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality from 2000 to 2030 and mapped ecological source areas. Circuit theory was applied to delineate ecological corridors, ecological pinch points, and key biodiversity conservation zones. Based on optimal corridor widths and conservation priorities, differentiated protection strategies were proposed. The key findings are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2020, habitat quality in Burqin County remained at a moderate level, with an average habitat quality index of 0.4978. The trend initially showed a decline, followed by slight recovery, while projections indicate a continuous improvement in habitat quality from 2020 to 2030. (2) The study identified 1059.83 km² of ecological source areas, 684.26 km² of construction source areas, 69 ecological corridors, and 42 ecological pinch points. Resistance thresholds during source area expansion were used to partition the region into distinct ecological protection zones with prioritized conservation levels. These results were cross-validated with data from Xinjiang’s significant ecological protection areas. (3) Zone-specific ecological corridor widths were determined by considering the spatial distribution of wildlife species, ensuring accurate delineation of their extents.

Key words: habitat quality, ecological corridors, ecological security pattern, ecological reserve, differentiated protection strategy

闫晓梅, 王宏卫, 罗魁, 董康宁, 郭瑞杰, 郑旭东. 基于生态安全格局确定县域生物多样性保护的优先区域——以布尔津县为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(4): 586-598.

YAN Xiaomei, WANG Hongwei, LUO Kui, DONG Kangning, GUO Ruijie, ZHENG Xudong. Determining priority areas for county biodiversity conservation based on ecological security pattern: A case study of Burqin County[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(4): 586-598.

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威胁源	最大影响距离/km	权重	衰退方式
耕地	7	0.8	线性
城镇用地	8	1.0	指数
农村居民点	8	1.0	指数
其他建设用地	6	0.7	指数
未利用地	5	0.6	线性

地类名称	生境得分值	耕地	城镇用地	农村居民点	其他建设用地	未利用地
水浇地	0.3	0.0	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.4
有林地	1.0	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.6
灌木林	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6
疏林地	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.5
高覆盖度草地	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3
中覆盖度草地	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
低覆盖度草地	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
湖泊	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7
水库坑塘	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.5
永久性冰川雪地	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
滩地	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4
沙地	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.0
戈壁	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.0
沼泽地	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.0
裸土地	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.0

生态扩张阻力分值	建设扩张阻力分值	土地利用类型	生境质量	高程/m	坡度/(°)	距水域距离/m	距建设用地距离/m
1	5	水域、林地	>0.8	3551~4330	56.34~70.42	<500	>1100
2	4	草地	0.6~0.8	2772~3551	42.25~56.34	500~1000	800~1100
3	3	未利用地	0.4~0.6	1993~2772	28.17~42.25	1000~1500	500~800
4	2	耕地	0.2~0.4	1214~1993	14.08~28.17	1500~2000	200~500
5	1	建设用地	<0.2	435~1214	0.00~14.08	>2000	<200
权重		0.285	0.172	0.169	0.145	0.124	0.105

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