基于土地利用变化的陕北多沙粗沙区生境质量演变及响应分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.385

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对目前陕北多沙粗沙区长时序土地利用变化下生境质量演变研究不充分的问题，通过2000、2005、2010、2015、2020年陕北土地利用类型变化、转移矩阵分析该区域土地利用变化，并基于InVEST模型对4个年周期生境质量及退化度进行评价。结果表明：（1）陕北多沙粗沙区土地利用主要以旱地、有林地、草地、建设用地和裸土地为主。（2） 2000—2020年，裸地转出面积最大，总降幅达57.11%，主要转为草地和耕地；建设用地总增幅达272.69%，草地转出与转入面积基本持平，主要与耕地相互转换；综合土地利用动态度从1.32%降至0.61%。（3）生境质量指数呈先增后减趋势，峰值达0.43，整体偏低，耕地扩张对生境恢复造成威胁。区域西南部生境质量较高，中部地带主要是中等级和较低等级，北部神木、府谷矿区生境质量出现高等级。2000、2020年生境退化指数均值分别为0.41和0.43，未来生境有恶化趋势，后续生态治理政策应主要从防治耕地、建设用地扩张，保护林草地类入手。研究结果可为陕北多沙粗沙区生态恢复提供数据参考。

关键词: 土地利用, 转移矩阵, InVEST模型, 生境质量

Abstract:

Due to the insufficiency of aiming at the problem of the evolution of habitat quality under the long temporal land use change in the more sediments and coarse sediments region of northern Shaanxi of China, we evaluated habitat quality and degradation over four annual cycles based on InVEST by reviewing land use type change and transfer matrices for 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The results show that: (1) Land use in the region is mainly dry land, forested land, grassland, construction land, and bare land. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the area of bare land transferred out was the largest, with a total decrease of 57.11%, mainly converted to grassland and cultivated land. The total increase of construction land reached 272.69%, the area of grassland transfer out and transfer in was the same, mainly converted with cultivated land, and the comprehensive land use dynamic decreased from 1.32% to 0.61%. (3) The habitat quality index first showed an increasing then decreasing trend, with a peak of 0.43, which was low overall, and the expansion of cultivated land posed a threat to habitat restoration. The habitat quality was higher in the region's southwest, the middle zone was mainly medium- and low-grade, and the habitat quality in the northern Shenmu and Fugu mining areas was high. The average habitat degradation index in 2000 and 2020 were 0.41 and 0.43, respectively, and there was a trend of future habitat deterioration. Thus, subsequent ecological governance policies should mainly focus on the prevention and control of cultivated land, construction land expansion, and protection of forest and grassland. The study results can provide a data reference for ecological restoration in north Shaanxi's more sediments and coarse sediments regions.

Key words: land use, transfer matrix, InVEST model, habitat quality

安文举, 鱼亦凡, 郝姗姗, 王英弟, 李小兵, 麦旭东. 基于土地利用变化的陕北多沙粗沙区生境质量演变及响应分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(3): 474-484.

AN Wenju, YU Yifan, HAO Shanshan, WANG Yingdi, LI Xiaobing, MAI Xudong. Evolution and response analysis of habitat quality in more sediments and coarse sediments region of northern Shaanxi based on land use change[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(3): 474-484.

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胁迫因子	权重	最大影响距离/km	衰退类型
旱地	0.5	2	线性
建设用地	0.9	8	指数
裸土地	0.3	3	线性

土地利用类型		生境适宜性	胁迫因子
一级类	二级类	生境适宜性	旱地	建设用地	裸土地
耕地	旱地	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3
耕地	水浇地	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
林地	有林地	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.7
	其他林地	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9
	灌木林地	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7
草地	草地	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8
湿地	湿地	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
建设用地	建筑、工矿、仓储用地	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
裸地	裸土地	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
水体	河湖库塘	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.7

年周期	土地利用类型	转移面积/km²
年周期	土地利用类型	耕地	林地	草地	湿地	建设用地	裸地	水体
2000—2005	耕地	9984.5	18.9	736.6	2.2	1.0	361.5	3.4
	林地	156.4	5266.4	235.8	0.1	0.0	18.2	0.2
	草地	1192.5	81.6	45223.7	2.8	1.5	1329.7	3.2
	湿地	7.29	0.1	10.6	78.5	0.0	3.9	1.0
	建设用地	13.3	0.0	33.2	0.1	117.2	8.9	0.0
	裸地	72.3	2.2	167.0	1.6	0.2	2969.5	1.3
	水体	7.9	0.1	15.4	3.4	0.0	3.3	110.9
2005—2010	耕地	10047.6	15.8	944.8	1.3	1.3	130.1	3.1
	林地	98.0	5574.5	307.6	0.1	0.0	7.5	0.2
	草地	875.2	84.5	46289.5	2.6	2.2	517.5	2.9
	湿地	6.3	0.1	9.2	95.1	0.0	2.1	1.8
	建设用地	17.7	0.05	47.8	0.1	168.7	12.7	0.0
	裸地	57.9	1.8	229.5	1.2	0.4	2542.9	0.6
	水体	5.5	0.3	6.6	1.0	0.0	1.3	132.3
2010—2015	耕地	10737.1	2.2	469.9	0.2	0.0	125.5	2.2
	林地	40.9	5982.4	160.0	0.0	0.0	2.4	0.1
	草地	315.2	3.1	46973.7	0.9	0.0	564.8	1.4
	湿地	4.8	0.0	8.1	113.0	0.0	2.5	0.6
	建设用地	15.8	0.1	50.0	0.1	247.1	16.1	0.0
	裸地	21.9	0.1	105.7	0.2	0.0	2120.4	0.7
	水体	8.4	0.3	7.4	0.3	0.0	2.8	142.6
2015—2020	耕地	10922.6	8.7	732.0	0.2	0.0	135.0	0.6
	林地	25.1	6157.0	128.6	0.0	0.0	4.9	0.1
	草地	298.2	18.6	46711.2	0.7	0.0	310.5	0.8
	湿地	9.0	0.0	18.9	127.0	0.0	3.3	2.7
	建设用地	28.3	0.2	67.0	0.1	329.2	22.2	0.1
	裸地	47.7	0.4	193.2	0.5	0.0	1771.6	0.4
	水体	6.3	0.8	8.1	0.5	0.0	1.5	157.2

年周期	土地利用	生境贡献率/%
年周期	土地利用	耕地	林地	草地	裸地
2000—2005	耕地	0.0000	-0.0067	-0.1110	0.1424
	林地	0.0693	0.0000	0.0676	0.0151
	草地	0.3495	-0.0018	0.0000	0.9186
	建设用地	-0.0042	0.0000	-0.0120	0.0000
	裸地	-0.0261	-0.0011	-0.0886	0.0000
2005—2010	耕地	0.0000	-0.0078	-0.2677	0.0498
	林地	0.0411	0.0000	0.0475	0.0050
	草地	0.2096	-0.0178	0.0000	0.3353
	建设用地	-0.0057	0.0000	-0.0186	0.0000
	裸地	-0.0227	-0.0011	-0.1560	0.0000
2010—2015	耕地	0.0000	-0.0011	-0.1141	0.0471
	林地	0.0168	0.0000	0.0212	0.0013
	草地	0.0719	-0.0006	0.0000	0.3618
	建设用地	-0.0051	0.0000	-0.0198	0.0000
	裸地	-0.0083	0.0000	-0.0597	0.0000
2015—2020	耕地	0.0000	-0.0036	-0.1600	0.0484
	林地	0.0087	0.0000	0.0082	0.0023
	草地	0.0505	-0.0037	0.0000	0.1755
	建设用地	-0.0091	-0.0001	-0.0260	0.0000
	裸地	-0.0179	-0.0002	-0.1047	0.0000