国家重点生态功能区人类活动与生境质量时空变化特征及空间效应

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.282

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于1995—2020年多源空间数据，通过InVEST模型与人类足迹指数法，探究国家重点生态功能区生境质量与人类活动时空分布特征，进一步采用双变量局部自相关与空间杜宾模型测度两者空间依赖性与空间效应。结果表明：（1） 25 a间研究区生境质量逐年下降，总体上呈“西部由南向北递减、东部交错分布”的格局。（2） 25 a间人类活动强度与广度均不断加深，高低值分布以“胡焕庸线”为界。（3）人类活动与生境质量有明显的空间依赖性，LISA聚类图表明高-高、高-低、低-高集聚类型下生态区数量分别为15、5、5，无低-低集聚区。（4）不同自然-社会背景下，典型人类活动对生境质量影响的空间效应方向不同，但都有显著的空间溢出效应。具体表现为：高-高集聚区内人口与GDP分布总效应为正，贡献度以人口分布为主;高-低集聚区内人口与GDP分布仍以正向的空间溢出效应为主，但GDP贡献最高;低-高集聚区人口分布影响效应为负，GDP仍是以高贡献的正向空间溢出效应为主;无论何种集聚区，交通道路都是以负向的空间溢出效应为主。较科学地评估了国家重点生态功能区生态环境与人类活动的发展现状，丰富了研究的方法与思路;数理分析基础上的相关性探讨，为研究区生态文明建设提供了政策依据。

关键词: 国家重点生态功能区, 人类活动, 生境质量, 空间自相关, 空间杜宾模型

Abstract:

Ecological civilization is a new concept of human civilization development. Scientific measurements of the correlation between human activities and habitat quality can provide theoretical support for the development of an ecological civilization. As a demonstration area for exploring the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, national key ecological function zones play an important role in safeguarding the national ecological security pattern and coordinating the relationship between humans and the environment. Based on land use data and population, GDP, and traffic distribution data from 1995 to 2020, we used the InVEST model and the human footprint index method to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of habitat quality and human activities in national key ecological function zones. We used bivariate local autocorrelation and spatial Durbin model to measure their spatial dependence and effects. The results were as follows: (1) The habitat quality in the study area decreased yearly during the past 25 years, and generally showed a pattern of “decreasing from south to north in the west and staggered distribution in the east”. (2) The intensity and breadth of human activities increased during the past 25 years, and the distribution of high and low values was bound by the “Hu Line”. (3) There was a significant spatial dependence between human activities and habitat quality. The LISA cluster diagram showed that the number of ecological zones in high-high, high-low, and low-high cluster types was 15, 5, and 5, respectively, and there was no low-low cluster. (4) The spatial effects of typical human activities on habitat quality were different under different nature-social backgrounds, but they all had significant spatial spillover effects. Specifically, the total effect of population and GDP distribution in high-high agglomeration areas is positive, and population distribution is the main contributing factor. The spatial spillover effect of population and GDP in the high-low agglomeration area is still positive, but GDP has the highest contribution. The effect of population distribution in low-high agglomeration areas is negative, and GDP is still dominated by the positive spatial spillover effect of high contribution. No matter what kind of agglomeration area, traffic roads are dominated by a negative spatial spillover effect. The development status of the ecological environment and human activities in the national key ecological function areas is evaluated scientifically, the research methods and ideas are enriched, and the correlation discussion on the basis of mathematical analysis provides a policy basis for the construction of ecological civilizations in the study area.

Key words: national key ecological function zones, human activities, habitat quality, spatial autocorrelation, spatial Dubin model

袁宏伟, 蔡俊, 章磊. 国家重点生态功能区人类活动与生境质量时空变化特征及空间效应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(6): 934-948.

YUAN Hongwei, CAI Jun, ZHANG Lei. Temporal and spatial changes of human activities and habitat quality in national key ecological function areas and their spatial effects[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(6): 934-948.

图/表 13

图1

表1

威胁源影响权重及距离"

威胁因子（r）	最大影响距离（d_r_max）	影响程度 $(ω)$	衰减函数（i）
水田	2	0.2	线性
旱地	2	0.2	线性
城镇用地	10	0.9	指数
农村居民点	6	0.6	指数
其他建设用地	8	0.7	指数

表1

表2

图2

表3

表4

图3

图4

表5

图5

表6

图6

表7

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区域	生境质量	1995年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2020年
研究区	总量	324992.72	322401.26	322354.82	322316.92	321727.76	313556.66
研究区	变化率	1.00	-0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	-0.03
生态区	总量	154832.77	153495.00	153467.65	153463.25	153198.99	152796.14
生态区	变化率	1.00	-0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

评级	质心移动/km	Δ长轴/km	Δ短轴/km	Δ扁率
低	147.84	-74.19	-149.51	-0.01
较低	59.45	-107.39	-50.67	-0.01
中	67.33	22.78	-38.05	0.04
较高	19.95	26.51	-10.29	0.02
高	30.67	25.20	48.93	-0.02

评级	质心移动/km	Δ长轴/km	Δ短轴/km	Δ扁率
低	191.56	678.38	-215.60	0.09
较低	353.38	204.37	204.66	-0.06
中	1035.98	-83.39	-176.25	-0.02
较高	864.84	-239.28	-535.24	-0.06
高	185.94	-187.06	-127.72	0.08

自相关参数	1995年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2020年
不显著	227312	222777	222704	222611	222159	226507
高-高	92806	91693	89473	82323	98153	99638
低-低	122744	124028	124550	125714	121201	120966
低-高	83364	86462	88708	96035	80331	76425
高-低	51357	52623	52148	50900	55739	54047
I	0.1573	0.1450	0.1422	0.1104	0.1874	0.2184
P	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001

空间效应	变量	集聚类型
空间效应	变量	高-高	高-低	低-高
直接效应	人口	0.0397^***	0.0179	0.0204
	人口	（-4.5293）	（-0.6389）	（0.5534）
	GDP	-0.0013	-0.0529^**	0.0252
	GDP	（-0.2129）	（-2.4926）	（1.1225）
	交通	-0.0090^***	-0.0063^***	-0.0032
	交通	（-10.0315）	（-2.8362）	（-0.9650）
空间溢出效应（间接效应）	人口	0.0869^**	0.0328	-0.0876
	人口	（-2.1967）	（-0.7832）	（-0.4777）
	GDP	0.0830^***	0.1201^***	0.3030^***
	GDP	（-4.1270）	（-4.5662）	（3.1522）
	交通	-0.0196^***	-0.0159^***	-0.0416
	交通	（-4.0943）	（-3.8240）	（-1.2352）
总效应	人口	0.1267^***	0.0507^*	-0.0672
	人口	（-3.0174）	（-1.7245）	（-0.3548）
	GDP	0.0817^***	0.0672^***	0.3281^***
	GDP	（-3.8566）	（4.5625）	（3.2849）
	交通	-0.0286^***	-0.0221^***	-0.0448
	交通	（-5.4547）	（-5.5088）	（-1.2445）