雅鲁藏布江山南宽谷流域生态安全格局构建

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.551

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

山南宽谷流域是雅鲁藏布江主要宽谷之一，特殊的地理环境致使该流域既是严重的土地沙化生态脆弱区，也是重要的沿江经济发展带，构建合理的生态安全格局可为未来生态功能提升与经济发展提供依据参考。以山南宽谷流域为研究对象，基于生态系统服务价值和生态敏感性评价，识别出生态源地，利用最小累积阻力值确定了生态安全区并识别生态廊道，构建山南宽谷流域2020年生态安全格局。结果表明：（1）山南宽谷流域生态源地面积为1089.68 km²，主要分布于贡嘎县、扎囊县和乃东区内的草场和林区。（2）在山南宽谷流域内建立了高、较高、中等、较低、低水平生态安全区，分别占流域总面积的24.74%、51.24%、10.31%、5.43%、8.28%，不同生态安全区应采取不同的措施以保证生态环境的安全。（3）识别出总长4720.08 km的105条生态廊道，与生态源地、生源点和生态安全区共同构成山南宽谷流域生态安全格局。（4）结合土地利用现状建议山南宽谷流域南岸进行适度产业开发，北岸以生态保护为主，并提出构建“一地一场两区四园”的发展格局。

关键词: 生态安全格局, 山南宽谷流域, 最小累积阻力模型, 生态系统服务功能, 生态敏感性

Abstract:

Shannan Wide Valley Basin is one of the prime valleys of the Yarlung Zangbo River of China. The geographical environment of the basin makes it vulnerable to land desertification and ecological degradation, while also making it an important belt of economic development along the river. Ecological security patterns can provide a reference for future improvements in ecological functions and economic development. Based on the evaluation of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity, the ecological source areas were identified. The minimum cumulative resistance value was used to determine ecological security zones and ecological corridors, and the ecological security pattern of the Shannan Wide Valley Basin was constructed for 2020. The results showed that: (1) The ecological source area of the basin was found to be 1089.68 km², with distribution mainly occurring in grassland and forest areas of Gonggar County, Zhanang County, and Nedong District. (2) Zones of maximum, high, medium, low, and minimum ecological security were established, accounting for 24.74%, 51.24%, 10.31%, 5.43%, and 8.28% of the total basin area, respectively. To ensure ecological security, different measures should be applied at each level of the ecological security zone. (3) The constructed ecological security pattern comprised 105 ecological corridors with a total length of 4720.08 km, together with various ecological source areas, ecological source points, and ecological security areas. (4) In addition to the current land use situation in Shannan Wide Valley, moderate industrial development should take place on the southern banks of the river, while ecological protection measures should be the focus for the northern banks. Further, the “one land, one field, two districts, and four parks” development pattern should be followed.

Key words: ecological security pattern, Shannan Wide Valley Basin, minimum cumulative resistance model, ecosystem service function, ecological sensitivity

李洪庆,杨瑀,张俊红. 雅鲁藏布江山南宽谷流域生态安全格局构建[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(9): 1503-1513.

LI Hongqing,YANG Yu,ZHANG Junhong. Construction of ecological security pattern in Shannan Wide Valley Basin of Yarlung Zangbo River[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(9): 1503-1513.

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生态系统服务类型	耕地	林地	草地	水域	未利用地
气体调节	4917.36	35951.08	12657.14	0.00	0.00
气候调节	8752.90	27733.69	14239.29	4523.97	0.00
水源涵养	5900.83	32869.55	12657.14	200431.65	295.04
土壤形成与保护	14358.70	40059.77	30851.79	98.35	196.69
废物处理	16128.95	13455.97	20726.07	178795.26	98.35
生物多样性保护	6982.65	33485.86	17245.36	24488.46	3343.81
食物生产	9834.72	1027.17	4746.43	983.47	98.35
原材料	983.47	26706.51	791.07	98.35	0.00
娱乐文化	98.35	13147.82	632.86	42682.70	98.35
总价值	67957.93	224437.43	114547.15	452102.21	4130.58

准则层	因子	权重	不敏感	轻度敏感	中度敏感	高度敏感	极度敏感
自然环境背景	高程/km	0.06	≤4.0	4.0~4.5	4.5~5.0	5.0~5.5	>5.5
	坡度/(°)	0.18	≤10	10~20	20~30	30~50	>50
	土地沙化类型	0.14	-	-	流动沙地	半固定沙地	固定沙地
	植被覆盖度/%	0.19	≤35	35~65	65~76	76~89	>89
人类活动干扰	土地利用类型	0.17	建设用地	未利用地	耕地、草地	林地	水域
	距水域距离/km	0.15	≥20	15~20	10~15	5~10	≤5
	距道路距离/km	0.11	≤7	7~16	16~27	27~40	>40

阻力面因子	权重	分类	阻力值
土地利用类型	0.61	林地、草地	10
		水域	30
		耕地	50
		建设用地	70
		未利用地	90
植被覆盖度	0.22	[0.00, 0.35)	90
		[0.35, 0.65)	70
		[0.65, 0.76)	50
		[0.76, 0.89)	30
		[0.89, 1.00]	10
坡度/(°)	0.17	[0, 10)	10
		[10, 20)	30
		[20, 30)	50
		[30, 50)	70
		[50, 75]	90