吉林省西部生态安全格局构建

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.06.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构建生态安全格局能有效保障区域生态安全,尤其是对生态脆弱区环境改善极为重要。以吉林省西部为研究区,通过生物多样性服务价值、水资源安全、土壤保持、生态需求等4项指标识别生态源地;利用电路理论,结合Linkage Mapper工具和Circuitscape软件识别生态廊道、夹点区、改善区,构建吉林省西部的生态安全格局。结果表明：（1）识别18块生态源地,占研究区面积8.57%,主要分布在现有保护区周边的湿地。（2）构建38条关键廊道和7条潜在廊道,主要分布在中部和东部地区,夹点区相对集中于西南部和东部,改善区中建筑用地和盐碱地相对较多。（3）在构建生态源地、廊道、夹点、改善区综合生态安全格局基础上,提出了“一带、两轴、五区、五组团”生态安全格局保护策略。对保障吉林省西部区域安全及经济与生态协调发展提供决策参考。

关键词: 生态安全格局, 电路理论, 生态服务功能, 吉林省西部

Abstract:

The frequency of various ecological problems and the disturbances caused by human activities have brought about significant changes in the structure and function of the ecosystems and affected the ecological security in western Jilin Province. The construction of ecological security patterns can effectively guarantee regional ecological security, which is especially important for the environmental improvement of ecologically fragile areas. Western Jilin Province is a typical ecologically fragile area in China and an important ecological barrier within Jilin Province. Taking western Jilin Province as the study area, four indicators (biodiversity service value, water security, soil conservation, and ecological demands) were selected to identify ecological sources through ecosystem importance evaluation and ecological demand analysis. We used circuit theory combined with the Linkage Mapper tool and Circuitscape software to identify ecological corridors, pinch point regions, and ecological improvement regions and to construct an ecological security pattern for western Jilin Province. On this basis, we then put forward a reasonable ecological security pattern protection strategy. The research results demonstrated the following: (1) There are 18 ecological source areas in the study area. These account for 8.57% of the study area, mainly in the wetlands around the existing protected areas. Ecological source areas within nature reserves should focus on further improving existing protection policies, and ecological source areas outside nature reserves should focus on strengthening protection. (2) There are 38 key corridors and seven potential corridors, mainly in the central and eastern regions. The corridors in the middle are distributed in a net-like pattern, and those in the east are scattered to provide room for animal migration. The pinch point region is relatively concentrated in the southwest and east to maintain landscape connectivity. The ecological improvement region has relatively high amounts of building land and saline land, and the southwestern and eastern areas have high improvement coefficients. The improvement areas can be divided into primary corridor ecological improvement regions and secondary corridor ecological improvement regions, with graded protection. (3) On the basis of constructing comprehensive ecological security patterns, such as ecological sources, corridors, pinch point regions, and ecological improvement regions, we put forward a targeted strategy regarding ecological security pattern called “one belt, two axis, five regions, and five groups”. In previous studies, only the construction of ecological sources has been considered, whereas the further construction of ecological corridors has been neglected. Still, the construction of ecological corridors based on circuit theory and the identification of pinch points and ecological improvement regions can improve the construction of ecological corridor systems. Circuit theory treats animal migration as a random change that is not predictive to the surrounding environment and is in line with the characteristics of animals themselves, and it identifies the structure of ecological corridors relative to reality. It can thus provide a new reference for the construction of ecological security patterns. Constructing a comprehensive ecological security pattern and proposing a reasonable conservation strategy will provide a reference for decision-making to ensure regional security and coordinated economic and ecological development in western Jilin Province.

Key words: ecological security pattern, circuit theory, ecological service functions, western Jilin Province

张萌,刘吉平,赵丹丹. 吉林省西部生态安全格局构建[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(6): 1676-1685.

ZHANG Meng,LIU Jiping,ZHAO Dandan. Construction of ecological security pattern in western Jilin Province[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(6): 1676-1685.

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指标	最重要	重要	次重要	一般重要	不重要
指标	5	4	3	2	1
河流湖泊	200 m 缓冲区	400 m 缓冲区	600 m 缓冲区	-	-
覆被类型	湿地	林地	草地	耕地	其他

土地类型	C值	P值
水田	0.18	0.01
旱田	0.24	0.35
草地	0.02	1.00
林地	0.03	1.00
水域	0.00	0.00
湿地	0.00	0.00
未利用地	0.00	1.00
建筑用地	0.00	0.00

阻力因子	分级指标	阻力系数	权重
土地利用类型	林地	1	0.65
	草地	10
	湿地	30
	水域	50
	耕地	100
	建筑用地	500
	居民用地	500
坡度/(°)	<5	1	0.29
	5~10	100
	10~15	200
	15~20	300
	>20	500
海拔/m	<200	10	0.06
	200~400	20
	400~600	40
	>600	80