基于电路理论的生态安全格局时空演变与影响因素研究——以陕北黄土高原为例

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基于电路理论的生态安全格局时空演变与影响因素研究——以陕北黄土高原为例

Spatial and temporal evolution and influencing factors of ecological security pattern based on circuit theory: A case of Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi

基于电路理论的生态安全格局时空演变与影响因素研究——以陕北黄土高原为例

Spatial and temporal evolution and influencing factors of ecological security pattern based on circuit theory: A case of Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.199

干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 494-505.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.199 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024199

张杰¹^,²(), 屈建军¹^,², 陈海¹^,²(), 石金鑫¹^,², 马羽赫¹^,², 刘迪³

1.西北大学城市与环境学院，陕西西安 710127
2.陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室，陕西西安 710127
3.河南师范大学旅游学院，河南新乡 453007

收稿日期:2024-03-26 修回日期:2024-05-13 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-14
通讯作者: 陈海（1971-），男，博士，教授，主要从事生态系统服务与人类福祉等方面的研究. E-mail: chw@nwu.edu.cn
作者简介:张杰（1996-），男，博士研究生，主要从事生态系统服务与生态安全格局研究. E-mail: 202021009@stumail.nwu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42171256)

ZHANG Jie¹^,²(), QU Jianjun¹^,², CHEN Hai¹^,²(), SHI Jinxin¹^,², MA Yuhe¹^,², LIU Di³

1. College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, Shaanxi, China
2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi’an 710127, Shaanxi, China
3. College of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China

Received:2024-03-26 Revised:2024-05-13 Published:2025-03-25 Online:2025-03-14

摘要：

识别对于维护区域生态系统具有重要意义的点、线、面等景观要素，构建动态生态安全格局并探究其影响因素，对于维护区域生态安全具有重要意义。针对以往研究对生态安全格局动态演化和影响因素探究的不足，利用形态空间格局分析（MSPA）、景观连通性分析和电路理论模型等方法，构建2000—2020年陕北黄土高原的生态安全格局，分析其时空演化特征，并利用地理探测器、普通最小二乘法（OLS）和地理加权回归（GWR）模型探究生态安全格局空间异质性的影响因素，并给出生态恢复策略。结果表明：（1） 2000—2020年生态源地在陕北黄土高原南部集中分布，面积变化较小且空间位置较为稳定。（2） 2000、2010年和2020年陕北黄土高原生态阻力面的均值分别为4.96、4.36和4.40，呈现南部低、西北高的空间格局。（3） 2000、2010年和2020年陕北黄土高原生态廊道的长度分别为2416.25 km、3433.61 km和2643.62 km，南部生态廊道密集，以低阻力生态廊道为主，北部生态廊道稀疏，以高阻力生态廊道为主。（4）生态夹点和生态障碍点主要分布在陕北黄土高原西北部，面积不断减少。（5）植被覆盖度、景观多样性、人口密度、坡度和降水是影响陕北黄土高原生态安全格局空间异质性的主要因子。研究结果可为陕北黄土高原未来的生态规划提供科学合理的参考和依据，同时有助于生态政策的制定与调整。

关键词: 生态安全格局, 时空演化, 影响因素, 电路理论, 陕北黄土高原

Abstract:

Identifying landscape elements such as points, lines, and planes that are critical for maintaining regional ecosystems is essential for constructing dynamic ecological security patterns and understanding their influencing factors. Addressing the limitations of previous studies, this research employs morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), landscape connectivity analysis, and circuit theory models to construct ecological security patterns on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province, China, from 2000 to 2020. It investigates the temporal and spatial evolution of these patterns and uses geographical detectors, ordinary least squares (OLS), and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors, offering ecological restoration strategies. The results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, ecological sources were concentrated in the southern Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, with minimal changes in area and stable spatial locations. (2) The mean ecological resistance surface values on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi in 2000, 2010, and 2020 were 4.96, 4.36, and 4.40, respectively, showing a pattern of low resistance in the south region and high resistance in the northwest region. (3) Ecological corridor lengths on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi were 2416.25 km, 3433.61 km, and 2643.62 km in 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively. Southern regions exhibited dense, low-resistance corridors, while northern regions had sparse, high-resistance corridors. (4) Ecological pinch points and barriers were mainly located in the northwest of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, with their areas consistently decreasing over time. (5) Vegetation coverage, landscape diversity, population density, slope, and precipitation were the primary factors influencing the spatial heterogeneity of the ecological security pattern. These findings provide a scientific basis for ecological planning on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, aiding in the development and adjustment of ecological restoration strategies.

Key words: ecological security pattern, temporal and spatial evolution, influencing factors, circuit theory, the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi

张杰, 屈建军, 陈海, 石金鑫, 马羽赫, 刘迪. 基于电路理论的生态安全格局时空演变与影响因素研究——以陕北黄土高原为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(3): 494-505.

ZHANG Jie, QU Jianjun, CHEN Hai, SHI Jinxin, MA Yuhe, LIU Di. Spatial and temporal evolution and influencing factors of ecological security pattern based on circuit theory: A case of Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(3): 494-505.

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年份	生态夹点		生态障碍点
年份	数量/个	面积/km²	数量/个	面积/km²
2000	83	395.23	70	281.91
2010	44	250.22	42	132.71
2020	56	207.12	19	33.89

变量	系数	标准误	P值	VIF
高程	0.064	0.153	0.675	4.22
气温	-1.159	0.121	0.194	4.03
NDVI	0.263	0.082	0.005	2.28
夜间灯光强度	-0.295	0.207	0.157	1.53
人口密度	0.395	1.627	0.809	1.58
SHEI	-0.298	0.060	0.000	1.43

变量	系数	标准误	P值	VIF
坡度	-0.289	0.018	0.000	1.46
降水	-0.117	0.014	0.000	2.37
NDVI	-0.032	0.015	0.040	2.47
人口密度	0.900	0.326	0.000	1.10

模型	AICc	R²	R² adjusted
GWR	-1154.333	0.869	0.863
OLS	-1113.966	0.843	0.841

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