耦合生态系统服务和景观连通性的环塔里木盆地绿洲区生态安全格局研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态安全在保护生物多样性和维持生态系统服务中发挥着重要作用。目前生态安全格局构建研究多注重将自然保护区视为生态源地，而忽略具有潜在生态服务的斑块以及斑块连通性的影响。为此，提出一种改进的生态安全格局构建方法，以环塔里木盆地绿洲区为例，通过耦合碳储存、水源涵养、土壤保持、防风固沙4种生态系统服务和景观连通性优化生态源地，构建综合阻力面并利用电路理论确定研究区生态安全格局。结果表明：（1）环塔里木盆地绿洲区处于低生态安全地带，区域内水资源短缺和沙漠化严重。（2）环塔里木盆地绿洲区共识别22个生态源地，面积69622.24 km²，以及33条生态廊道，长度4722.39 km。源地呈现南部分散、北部密集的格局，且南、北源地间连通性较差。（3）形成“两屏、一环、多片区”的生态安全格局优化布局方案，明确生态功能分区，改善区域生态环境。研究结果可为国土空间规划提供参考借鉴。

关键词: 生态安全格局, 生态系统服务, 景观连通性, 电路理论, 环塔里木盆地绿洲区

Abstract:

Ecological security plays an essential role in protecting biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem services. However, current research on the construction of ecological security patterns has mostly focused on treating nature reserves as ecological sources while ignoring patches with potential ecological services and the impact of patch connectivity. Thus, an improved method of constructing ecological security patterns is proposed herein. In this study, the oasis area of the Tarim Basin Rim, south Xinjiang, China is taken as an example. Ecological source sites are optimized by coupling four ecosystem services, namely, carbon storage, water conservation, soil conservation, wind and sand control, and landscape connectivity. An integrated resistance surface is constructed and the ecological security pattern of the study area is determined using circuit theory. The results show the following. (1) The oasis area around the Tarim Basin was in a low-ecological-security zone, with water shortage and serious desertification in the region. (2) A total of 22 ecological sources with an area of 69622.24 km² and 33 ecological corridors with a length of 4722.39 km were identified in the Tarim Basin Rim oasis area, with the sources scattered in the south and densely sited in the north and with poor connectivity between the sources in the south and north. (3) An optimal layout plan for the ecological security pattern of “two screens, one ring, and multiple areas” was formed, ecological function zones were clarified, and the regional ecological environment was improved. This study can provide a reference for territorial spatial planning.

Key words: ecological security pattern, ecosystem service, landscape connectivity, circuit theory, Tarim Basin Rim oasis area

黄秋淞, 何浩. 耦合生态系统服务和景观连通性的环塔里木盆地绿洲区生态安全格局研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(10): 1745-1754.

HUANG Qiusong, HE Hao. Ecological security pattern of the oasis area around the Tarim Basin based on coupled ecosystem services and landscape connectivity[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(10): 1745-1754.

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数据类型	年份	分辨率	数据来源
土地利用数据	2020	30 m	地球大数据科学工程数据共享服务系统（https://data.casearth.cn/）
夜间灯光数据	2020	500 m	国家青藏高原科学数据中心（https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/）
高程数据	-	90 m	地理空间数据云（http://www.gscloud.cn）
土壤数据	2009	1:1000000	国家冰川冻土沙漠科学数据中心（http://www.ncdc.ac.cn/）
降水量	2020	1 km	中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心（https://www.resdc.cn）
气温	2020	1 km	中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心（https://www.resdc.cn）
蒸散量	2020	1 km	中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心（https://www.resdc.cn）
风速	2020	1 km	国家地球系统科学数据中心（http://www.geodata.cn/）
归一化植被指数	2020	250 m	美国地质调查局（https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/）

评价等级	面积/km²	比例/%
高重要性区	52136.49	5.18
较高重要性区	120453.46	11.97
一般重要性区	155263.23	15.43
较低重要性区	160453.95	15.95
低重要性区	517745.11	51.47