基于生态位与Lotka-Volterra模型的内蒙古生态安全状况研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.709

Abstract

Abstract:

Ecological security is a key component of national security. It is very important to scientifically assess the state of ecological security to optimize the scientific management of regional ecosystems, enhancing ecological conservation and promoting high-quality development. This study constructs an ecological security evaluation index system based on the driving forces-pressures-state-impacts-responses (DPSIR) framework, introduces the ecological niche width into the Lotka-Volterra model, and uses the center-of-gravity standard deviation ellipse analysis, radar charts, and trend surface analysis to identify the temporal and spatial characteristics of ecological security in Inner Mongolia of China, as well as the trade-off relationship between the ecological and economic systems, from 2012 to 2023. The findings indicate the following: (1) The ecological security situation in Inner Mongolia showed an overall improvement from 2012 to 2023. The type of ecological security gradually shifted from red-risk to blue sub-security, with the proportion of safe areas increasing from 16.67% in 2012 to 25.00% in 2023 and the proportion of dangerous areas decreasing from 33.33% in 2012 to 0% in 2023. The level of ecological and economic symbiosis showed an upward trend. (2) In terms of spatial distribution of safety, the number of red-risk leagues and cities has decreased across the eastern, central, and western regions Inner Mongolia. By 2023, all regions had transitioned to at least the sensitive zone or higher, predominantly distributed in recovery and safe zones. Both Alagxa League in the west and Hulun Buir City in the east showed significant fluctuations, indicating unstable ecological security. (3) The ecological security center of gravity witnessed a trend of migration from the northeast to the southwest. Likewise, the ecological security standard deviation ellipse also exhibited an evolution trend, first expanding to the northeast and then becoming concentrated in the southwest. (4) The ecological niche widths of economic and ecological systems were relatively high in the central leagues and cities, with a good overall symbiotic condition between ecology and economy, with the ecological and economic systems of the eastern and western leagues being still in a competitive state, where the symbiosis between systems requires further improvement. These findings provide actionable insights for the optimization of ecological security governance in Inner Mongolia, and they offer an important reference value for assessments of ecological vulnerability in analogous regions nationwide.

Key words: ecological niche, Lotka-Volterra model, ecological security, Inner Mongolia

LI Xuemin, WANG Feifei, WU Zhenguo, ZHANG Yunkai, PAN Yueming. Ecological security status of Inner Mongolia based on ecological niche and the Lotka-Volterra model[J].Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(11): 1995-2004.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Ecological security status and color representation"

生态系统受力指数	共生度指数	对应关系	生态安全状态	颜色表征
$S E t$ >0	1< $S t$ < $2$	二者互利共生	安全级	绿色
$S E t$ >0	0< $S t$ <1	生态获强利经济受弱害	亚安全级	蓝色
$S E t$ <0	0< $S t$ <1	生态受弱害经济获强利	康复级	黄色
$S E t$ >0	-1< $S t$ <0	生态获弱利经济受强害	敏感级	橙色
$S E t$ <0	-1< $S t$ <0	生态受强害经济获弱利	风险级	紫色
$S E t$ <0	- $2$ < $S t$ <1	二者互相损害	危险级	红色

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

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系统层	子系统层	指标层	属性
经济发展水平指数	驱动力	常住人口城镇化率/%	正
		第三产业与第二产业增加值之比/%	正
		城市建设用地占市区面积比例/%	正
		工业企业数/个	正
		人均GDP/元·人^-1	正
		农牧区居民人均可支配收入/元·人^-1	正
		城镇居民人均可支配收入/元·人^-1	正
		就业率/%	正
		固定资产投资/10⁸元	正
资源环境容量指数	状态	人均城市建设用地面积/km²·(10⁴人)^-1	正
		人均水资源占有量/m³·人^-1	正
		人均公园绿地面积/m²·人^-1	正
		人均城市道路面积/m²·人^-1	正
		优良天数比例/%	正
		人均草原面积/hm²·人^-1	正
	影响	人口自然增长率/%	负
		常住人口密度/人·km^-2	负
		森林覆盖率/%	正
		降水量/mm	正
		草地固碳量/t CO₂·hm^-2	正
		水源涵养量/t CO₂·hm^-2	正
		第三产业比重/%	正
生态保护水平指数	压力	万元GDP能耗/t·(10⁴元)^-1	负
		万元GDP废水排放量/t·(10⁴元)^-1	负
		万元GDP废气排放量/t·(10⁴元)^-1	负
		人均生活用水量/t·人^-1	负
		人均生活用电量/kW·h·人^-1	负
	响应	建成区绿化覆盖率/%	正
		节能环保财政支出占GDP比重/%	正
		污水处理厂集中处理率/%	正
		生活垃圾无害化处理率/%	正
		工业固体废物综合利用率/%	正

Ecological security status of Inner Mongolia based on ecological niche and the Lotka-Volterra model

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