Abstract: The 《short term planning of the Tarim River》 has made remarkable success since 2001 when it was approved and implemented by the state council. The accumulated transferring water was 43.0×10⁸ m³, the annual transferred water was 3.3×10⁸ m³, and the accumulated volume supplied to groundwater come to 25.0×10⁸ m³ which lift the depth of groundwater table from 8-12 m up to 4 m, and is suitable for the natural vegetation growth. The area of arbor, shrub and grass has been raised 2.4 times, 0.36 times, and 1.8 times, respectively. The vegetation coverage was 570 km² in 2006, and 1000 km² in 2010. The species was increased from 9 families, 13 genera, 17 species before the water-transfer to 15 families, 36 genera, and 46 species after the water-transfer. Water area was significantly expended, the channel length was increased by 156.2 km, the area of overflowed was 174.6 km², the water area of Taitema lake was 189.7 km²(including Kangnake wetland)which had been dry up for 17 years. Desertification has been reversed, the average annual growth rate decreased from 0.27% to-0.30%, which made the impossibility of the join of the Taklimakan Desert and the Kuluke Desert, and there was nearly totally unimpeded and was no sand damage in the national road. In order to make the Tarim River Basin planning being compiled pass the national review, project approving, and implement, this paper suggest it should be emphasized the fragility of ecological environment and the lagging of social economic development of the Tarim River Basin, and the harm of drought, blown-sandy, and saline-alkaline were serious, and stable distributed national poverty-stricken regions. All these questions above must be solved through rational planning of water resources utilization, improving water use efficiency, and strengthening management and regulation.

Key words: assess of governance efficiency, comprehensive planning advice, tarim River