Abstract: The Central Asian region, with ecoenvironmental fragility and shortage of water resources, is located in the sensitive centers of global climate change; the climate, human activities and the ecological environment have undergone more remarkable changes in Central Asia over the past century, analysis on the relation of climate-water-ecology-human activities in Central Asia that has an important significance to use for reference on the sustainable development of Xinjiang because of a similar nature and humanity. Based on the latest collection of information, comparative researched the collective data which 80 years in Central Asia and recent 50 years in Xinjiang such as temperatures, precipitation and the runoff changes situation of main rivers, combined the evolution course of water resources development and utilization, analyzed climate changes and human activities that produced affects to sustainable development and ecological environment within investigation area, eventually discussed the adaptive countermeasures of Xinjiang water resources utilization under condition of climate changes with reference of the integrated relationship of the climate changes, human activities and ecological environment in Central Asia. The results indicated that as follows: Xinjiang’s climate presented warm up trend in accord with the climate of Central Asia in recent 80 years, especially since 1980, the climates in most area of both showed transformation signs from "warm dry" to "warm wet", river runoff also has different degree of increase, but the ecological environment of research area presented deteriorated trend due to quickly and continuously enhancement of scale and strength of human activities. Based on favourable climate period, this disquisition put forward to strengthen management of water resources development and utilization, to improve use efficiency and benefit of water resources, to speed up construction of key water source project, and to perfect network system construction of water resources allocation, which are main adaptive countermeasures of Xinjiang water resources development and utilization for some time in future.

Key words: Aral Sea Basin, climate changes, ecological environment, water resources, adaptive countermeasures