Abstract: The east region of the Northern foot of Tianshan was the large region of east area of present Usu,including Usu and Shawan counties,Urumqi city,Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Hami Administrative Offices of present Tacheng Administrative Offices.During Qianlong Emperor period,this district belonged to Gansu province on administration,and is controlled by Ili General in national defence.
During Qianlong Emperor period,the population immigration of Xinjiang was primarily in the east region of the northern foot of Tianshan,which was the primarily immigratory place of Xinjiang.Its population immigration was main represent as agriculture production of migrant,was divided into commoner stations,merchant stations,exiled criminal stations,military dependant stations and commercial stations,regarded commoner stations immigration as principle.The migrant mainly came from the nearly province,such as Gansu province,Shaanxi province etc.The way of population immigration regarded immigration government systematically as principle, with the way of folks flow as secondary.The high peak of population immigration was happened before45years of Qianlong Emperor,the Urumqi and Balikun was the center place which the immigratory population was primarily distributed.

Key words: Qianlong Emperor period, Urumqi, commoner stations, merchant stations, the population immigration