社区生活圈划分及建设水平综合测度方法——以乌鲁木齐市为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.148

Abstract

Abstract:

Community living circles are closely related to residents’ lives, and are the basic units for the construction of urban grassroots public service facilities and an important grip for urban renewal. The scientific delineation of the scope of community living circles and the comprehensive measurement of their construction level provides theoretical exploration for promoting the construction of community living circles, achieving efficient allocation of public resources, and providing new perspectives and cases for the study of the relationship between the geographic environment and residents’ behavior. Based on the research idea of scientific delineation of the scope of the living circle and evaluation of its level of construction, this study explored the optimization method of community living area delineation by combining the data of walking planning and Mapbox living circles, constructed a comprehensive index system for measuring the construction level of living circles in terms of the layout of facilities, spatial accessibility, and residents’ satisfaction, among others, and performed empirical research by taking the Urumqi City, Xinjiang, China as an example. The results showed the following: (1) Merging the walking route planning circle and Mapbox living circle to divide the scope of the living circle could improve the timeliness and boundary accuracy of the division results. (2) The density of facilities and access per capita had a more significant impact on the level of construction of the living circle. (3) The average radius of the 15-min living circle of Urumqi City was 812.75 m, and the average area was 2.10 km². The construction level of old urban areas was higher than that of new urban areas, and the construction level of commercial services was higher than that of health management, education, travel, and other facilities. The lack of facilities and layout imbalance were the main reasons for the difference.

Key words: community living circle, public service facilities, division method, evaluation system, Urumqi City

TANG Yuting, DU Hongru. Spatial scope of community living circle and comprehensive measurement method of construction level: Urumqi City as an example[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(2): 332-342.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Tab. 3

Public service facilities evaluation and calculation formula"

目标层	准则层	指标层	计算公式	公式说明
客观	空间布局	点密度	$D i j = Q i j / A i$	$D i j$ 为j设施在i生活圈的点密度；Q_ij为j设施在i生活圈内数量；A_i为i生活圈面积
	空间布局	覆盖率	$K i j = A i j / A i$	$K i j$ 为i生活圈j设施覆盖率； $A i j$ 为j设施覆盖区域与i生活圈相交面积； $A i$ 为i生活圈面积
	可获得性	最近距离	$L i j = m i n d i j$	$L i j$ 为i小区距j设施最近距离； $d i j$ 为j设施至i小区直线距离
	可获得性	人均享有量	$P i j = C i j / R i$	$P i j$ 为i生活圈内人均享有j设施数量； $C i j$ 为j设施在i生活圈内数量； $R i$ 为i生活圈内人口数量
主观	满意程度	满意度占比	$E i j = M i j / N i j$	$E i j$ 为i生活圈内居民对于j问题的满意程度； $M i j$ 为i生活圈内j问题中较满意和满意的数量； $N i j$ 为i生活圈内回答j问题总数量

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 4

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设施类别	设施名称	服务半径/m	获取数量/个
健康管理	卫生服务中心（站）	1000	74
	诊所	1000	401
	专科医院、综合医院	1000	255
	养老院	1000	71
教育	初中	1000	205
	小学	500	157
	幼儿园	300	366
	托儿所	1000	374
文化活动	文化活动中心	1000	497
	文化活动站	500	120
	文化展示场馆	1000	57
运动	公园、广场	1000	79
	体育馆（场）	1000	133
	健身房	1000	196
商业服务	便利店	1000	371
	商场	1000	136
	菜市场	500	720
	餐饮设施	1000	5259
	快递点	1000	1069
市政设施	派出所	800	114
	公共厕所	1000	295
	垃圾转运站	1000	7
	消防站	1000	47
日常出行	公交车站	1000	1200
	轨道交通站点	800	65
	停车场（库）	1000	1024

设施类别	问题选取
健康管理	您对健康的总体满意度?
教育	您所在城市中小学校教学质量怎么样?
文化活动	您认为所在城市文化设施使用方便吗?
运动	您对城市开敞空间（公园、广场、步行街等）的满意度?
商业服务	您认为日常就近购物方便吗?
市政设施	您对城市公共设施供给的总体满意度?
日常出行	您对城市交通便捷的总体满意度?

指标层	米东区	沙依巴克区	水磨沟区	天山区	头屯河区	新市区
点密度	166.87	500.91	554.13	567.17	28.23	455.44
人均享有量	535.83	458.99	466.60	422.56	94.49	367.96
覆盖率	20.77	70.20	47.55	63.30	2.45	75.86
临近距离	2.71	3.78	3.11	2.65	1.39	3.46

Spatial scope of community living circle and comprehensive measurement method of construction level: Urumqi City as an example

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