地形因子对陕北黄土丘陵区防护林树种分布的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.06.24

Abstract

Abstract:

As an important part of various ecosystems, forests play an important role in intercepting rainfall, maintaining runoff, regulating climate, preventing desertification, and soil and water conservation. The construction of shelterbelts has also gradually become an important means of solving the ecological and environmental problems in several countries. However, because of the excessive pursuit of increased green area in the early stages of afforestation and the failure to follow the “suitable site and suitable tree” principle, the quality of protective forests formed in the early stages of afforestation in China has not been high overall. Thus, it is of great significance to study how topographic factors affect the distribution of tree species to realize sustainable development in shelterbelt system construction projects, promote the optimization of shelterbelt structures, and improve the quality of shelterbelts. In this study, digital elevation model data, forest resource survey results, and tree species distribution data from Wuqi County, Shaanxi Province, China were collected to investigate the influence of topographical factors on vegetation distribution and promote ecological restoration and shelter forest construction. The relationships between typical afforestation tree species (Pinus tabuliformis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Armeniaca sibiric, and Hippophae rhamnoides) and topographic factors (elevation, aspect, slope, curvature, recursive damped least squares, and topographic roughness index) were analyzed using Pearson analysis and a random forest model. The results demonstrated the following: (1) The distribution area of R. pseudoacacia, A. sibiric, and P. tabuliformis exhibited an upward trend from 2007 to 2019, increasing by 83.373%, 73.271%, and 72.415%, respectively. The distribution area of H. rhamnoides exhibited a declining trend, decreasing by 61.737%. (2) On the local scale, the influence of terrain factors on the distribution of tree species cannot be ignored, with the most important being altitude and aspect. Hence, different afforestation tree species should be selected according to altitudes and directions. (3) Specifically, the altitude ranges suitable for R. pseudoacacia, A. sibiric, P. tabuliformis, and H. rhamnoides were found to be 1410.105-1510.215 m, 1444.873-1553.210 m, 1380.132-1451.762 m, and 1365.621-1562.348 m, respectively. The aspects suitable for R. pseudoacacia include 0-20.520°, 50.280°-62.310°, 82.440°-95.280°, and 277.280°-360.000°, whereas those for A. sibiric are 0-81.270° and 265.310°-360.000°. The suitable range for P. tabulaeformis is 0-100.180°, whereas those for H. rhamnoides are 0-74.540° and 280.820°-360.000°.

Key words: distribution of tree species, topographical factors, random forest model, Loess Plateau

JIANG Li,WEI Tianxing,LI Yiran,WEI Anqi. Effects of topographical factors on tree species distribution of shelter forest in Loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi[J].Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(6): 1763-1771.

Figures/Tables 10

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Kappa系数	精度评价
0.800~1.000	几近完美
0.600~0.800	精确
0.400~0.600	较好
0.200~0.400	正常
0.000~0.200	较差
<0.000	非常差

特征数	错误率
特征数	刺槐	山杏	油松	沙棘
1	0.231	0.209	0.196	0.229
2	0.218	0.200	0.177	0.219
3	0.207	0.195	0.172	0.215
4	0.208	0.193	0.169	0.214
5	0.204	0.188	0.166	0.214
6	0.203	0.186	0.170	0.213

赋值	变化类型	刺槐		山杏		油松		沙棘
赋值	变化类型	面积/km²	百分比/%	面积/km²	百分比/%	面积/km²	百分比/%	面积/km²	百分比/%
-3	Ⅰ 显著减少	1.627	8.557	0.706	4.487	0.450	3.973	9.076	35.497
-2	Ⅱ 减少	0.358	1.882	0.811	5.159	0.137	1.212	2.451	9.585
-1	Ⅲ 稍减少	1.217	6.404	0.858	5.458	0.209	1.846	4.259	16.656
0	Ⅳ 基本不变	1.879	9.887	1.963	12.481	1.086	9.596	3.761	14.709
1	Ⅴ 稍增加	2.304	12.123	2.176	13.837	1.161	10.258	1.826	7.141
2	Ⅵ 增加	3.941	20.730	4.636	29.482	2.224	19.648	2.034	7.957
3	Ⅶ 显著增加	7.683	40.419	4.576	29.096	6.051	53.466	2.162	8.457

树种	粗糙度	海拔	曲率	坡度	起伏度	坡向
刺槐	-0.020	0.087^**	0.033^*	-0.026	-0.028	-0.008
山杏	-0.028	0.153^**	0.011	-0.035^*	-0.039^*	0.108^**
油松	0.052^**	0.002	-0.039	0.053^**	0.048^*	-0.003
沙棘	0.015	-0.031^*	-0.048^**	0.020	0.031^*	0.047^**

地形因子	刺槐		山杏		油松		沙棘
地形因子	无树木分布	有树木分布	无树木分布	有树木分布	无树木分布	有树木分布	无树木分布	有树木分布
海拔	148.400	197.420	150.380	177.820	133.810	64.572	33.054	175.550
坡度	30.620	52.054	24.813	40.814	34.691	37.926	38.650	44.833
坡向	113.890	72.196	117.700	217.450	86.055	122.800	198.240	206.110
曲率	5.973	44.247	4.350	34.044	13.792	27.561	6.939	54.817
起伏度	11.449	54.782	19.990	42.130	34.848	32.115	40.107	47.462
粗糙度	38.066	67.327	35.679	42.943	33.769	35.709	54.792	58.836

Effects of topographical factors on tree species distribution of shelter forest in Loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi

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