不同地理环境下“空间贫困陷阱”分异机制比较——基于大别山与黄土高原的实证

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2022.244

Abstract

Abstract:

With the success of the fight against poverty, the focus of poverty governance has shifted to relative poverty. The overlap between the absolute and relatively poor shows that concentrated contiguous areas with extreme poverty will remain the main battlefield for China to solve the poverty problem. The causes and mechanisms of poverty of poor farmers in different natural geographical environments are quite different. Analyzing and comparing rural poverty-causing factors and differentiation mechanisms under the same scale and different geographical environments can more clearly show the outstanding problems of regional poverty and the common problems of comprehensive regional poverty. Taking the Xinxian County of Dabie Mountains and Yanchang County of the Loess Plateau as examples, taking the incidence of poverty as the dependent variable, selecting independent variables from the three dimensions of “person, origin, and land” comprehensively using spatial autocorrelation, geographic detectors, and other methods to analyze the characteristics and mechanism of the spatial differentiation of poverty in different geographical environments. The results are as follows. (1) The spatial agglomeration of poverty in the Dabie Mountains is mainly distributed in dots and clumps, whereas the Loess Plateau is mainly distributed in clumps. The level of spatial poverty agglomeration in the Loess Plateau is significantly higher than that in the Dabie Mountains. (2) The two dimensions of “land” and “industry” in the Dabie Mountains significantly affect spatial poverty, whereas the three dimensions of “people, industry, and land” in the Loess Plateau are relatively balanced. However, the incidence of poverty in the Loess Plateau is lower than that in the Dabie Mountains, indicating that the occurrence of spatial poverty is independent of the dimensions of poverty-causing factors, but more importantly, its mode and depth of action. (3) The distance to the county center ranks first in the determinative power of each factor in the Dabie Mountains and Loess Plateau, with 0.179 and 0.198, respectively. Additionally, the total population of the village in the Dabie Mountains (0.124), distance from the township government (0.070), and proportion of migrant workers’ income in the income structure (0.070) are the main influencing factors. In the Loess Plateau region, the proportion of children under 15 years old (0.162), the proportion of crop income in the income structure (0.159), per capita net income (0.159), and the proportion of primary school education or above (0.140) are the main impact factors. (4) The difference in subsistence pressure brought about by the abundance of “land” resources in the carrying space is the source of the difference in poverty formation mechanisms between the two places. The Loess Plateau has formed a three-dimensional negative circulation accumulation in a relatively closed space based on sufficient living resource. However, the Dabie Mountains area is under the effect of lack of resources, and individual survival rationally chooses to go out to work; thus, breaking the cycle of accumulation of poverty.

Key words: spatial autocorrelation, geographic setector, Dabie Mountains, Loess Plateau

SUN Jianwu,GAO Junbo,MA Zhifei,YU Chao,ZHANG Xinyi. Comparison of spatial poverty trap formation mechanisms in different geographical environments: A case of Dabie Mountains and Loess Plateau[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(2): 650-659.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Detection results of the interaction of factors affecting poverty occurrence in the Xinxian County and the Yanchang County"

单元		X₁₁	X₁₂	X₁₃	X₁₄	X₂₁	X₂₂	X₂₃	X₃₁	X₃₂	X₃₃	X₃₄	X₃₅	X₃₆	X₃₇
新县	X₁₁	0.045
	X₁₂	0.079^**	0.053
	X₁₃	0.093^*	0.096^*	0.035
	X₁₄	0.080^*	0.096^*	0.072^*	0.012
	X₂₁	0.075^**	0.089^**	0.089^*	0.073^*	0.037
	X₂₂	0.101^**	0.100^**	0.116^*	0.118^*	0.099^**	0.071
	X₂₃	0.105^**	0.093^**	0.147^*	0.101^*	0.110^*	0.098^**	0.063
	X₃₁	0.088^*	0.099^*	0.079^*	0.070^*	0.082^*	0.109^*	0.116^*	0.019
	X₃₂	0.093^*	0.105^*	0.093^*	0.050^*	0.104^*	0.115^*	0.120^*	0.070^*	0.019
	X₃₃	0.264^*	0.274^*	0.255^*	0.227^*	0.280^*	0.306^*	0.292^*	0.222^*	0.273^*	0.180
	X₃₄	0.147^*	0.160^*	0.151^*	0.112^*	0.155^*	0.168^*	0.173^*	0.132^*	0.136^*	0.360^*	0.069
	X₃₅	0.106^*	0.105^*	0.083^*	0.045^*	0.094^*	0.118^*	0.123^*	0.073^*	0.070^*	0.245^*	0.118^*	0.018
	X₃₆	0.116^*	0.121^*	0.098^*	0.072^*	0.114^*	0.143^*	0.127^*	0.085^*	0.081^*	0.221^*	0.134^*	0.084^*	0.036
	X₃₇	0.202^*	0.220^*	0.187^*	0.157^*	0.205^*	0.238^*	0.220^*	0.163^**	0.175^*	0.315^*	0.194^*	0.175^*	0.178^*	0.125
延长县	X₁₁	0.123
	X₁₂	0.191^**	0.162
	X₁₃	0.175^**	0.179^**	0.140
	X₁₄	0.149^*	0.184^*	0.165^*	0.021
	X₂₁	0.201^**	0.224^**	0.193^**	0.182^*	0.159
	X₂₂	0.195^**	0.198^**	0.157^**	0.155^*	0.205^**	0.121
	X₂₃	0.207^**	0.207^**	0.190^**	0.178^**	0.195^**	0.229^**	0.159
	X₃₁	0.165^*	0.221^*	0.188^*	0.069^*	0.207^*	0.166^*	0.201^*	0.012
	X₃₂	0.151^*	0.189^*	0.166^*	0.053^*	0.190^*	0.148^*	0.186^*	0.063^*	0.018
	X₃₃	0.305^**	0.322^**	0.319^**	0.221	0.303^**	0.314^**	0.303^**	0.227^*	0.257^*	0.198
	X₃₄	0.193^*	0.240^*	0.244^*	0.099^*	0.257^*	0.200^*	0.241^*	0.105^*	0.096^*	0.292^*	0.065
	X₃₅	0.166^*	0.222^*	0.193^*	0.051^*	0.215^*	0.190^*	0.216^*	0.096^*	0.050^*	0.314^*	0.115^*	0.016
	X₃₆	0.136^*	0.181^*	0.156^*	0.043^*	0.179^*	0.144^*	0.176^*	0.041^*	0.038^*	0.218^*	0.098^*	0.042^*	0.008
	X₃₇	0.194^*	0.238^*	0.209^*	0.058^**	0.240^*	0.203^*	0.227^*	0.166^*	0.093^*	0.275^*	0.152^*	0.093^*	0.073^*	0.051

Tab. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

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维度	类型	指标	维度	类型	指标
人（主体）	抚养负担	家庭患大病人口比重（X₁₁）	地（客体）	区位条件	与道路距离（X₃₁）
	抚养负担	家庭15岁以下儿童人口比重（X₁₂）			与河流距离（X₃₂）
	人力资本	小学以上学历比重（X₁₃）			与县政府距离（X₃₃）
	自然资本	人均耕地面积（X₁₄）			与乡镇政府距离（X₃₄）
业（中介）	产业结构	收入结构中种植业收入比重（X₂₁）		地形地貌	高程（X₃₅）
	产业结构	收入结构中务工收入比重（X₂₂）	坡度（X₃₆）
	经济水平	人均纯收入（X₂₃）	要素禀赋		村总人口（X₃₇）

维度	指标	新县			延长县
维度	指标	q值	P值	排序	q值	P值	排序
人	家庭患大病人口比重（X₁₁）	0.044	0.010	7	0.123	0.000	6
	家庭15岁以下儿童人口比重（X₁₂）	0.053	0.000	6	0.162	0.000	2
	小学以上学历比重（X₁₃）	0.034	0.000	10	0.140	0.000	5
	人均耕地面积（X₁₄）	0.011	0.508	14	0.021	0.121	10
业	收入结构中种植业收入比重（X₂₁）	0.036	0.000	8	0.159	0.000	3
	收入结构中务工收入比重（X₂₂）	0.070	0.000	4	0.121	0.000	7
	人均纯收入（X₂₃）	0.062	0.000	5	0.159	0.000	4
地	与道路距离（X₃₁）	0.018	0.007	11	0.012	0.014	13
	与河流距离（X₃₂）	0.018	0.004	12	0.018	0.020	11
	与县政府距离（X₃₃）	0.179	0.000	1	0.198	0.000	1
	与乡镇政府距离（X₃₄）	0.070	0.000	3	0.065	0.000	8
	高程（X₃₅）	0.017	0.000	13	0.016	0.031	12
	坡度（X₃₆）	0.035	0.000	9	0.008	0.122	14
	村总人口（X₃₇）	0.124	0.000	2	0.052	0.000	9

Comparison of spatial poverty trap formation mechanisms in different geographical environments: A case of Dabie Mountains and Loess Plateau

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