1955—2021年黄土高原地区相对湿度时空演变规律

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.105

Abstract

Abstract:

The Loess Plateau, a region in China that is highly sensitive to climate change, serves as a focal point for investigating the spatiotemporal evolution of relative humidity (RH). Understanding the interplay between RH and geographical and meteorological factors is essential for comprehending the climate change dynamics within the plateau. This study leverages daily RH observations from 90 meteorological stations in the Loess Plateau and its environs to analyze the temporal and spatial variations in RH from 1960 to 2021, both before and after the implementation of ecological initiatives such as the conversion project of farmland to forest and grass. Using trend analysis, sensitivity analysis, and spatial interpolation, we unveil the following findings: (1) The average annual RH in the Loess Plateau exhibited a notable decrease of -0.376%·(10a)^-1 (P<0.05) from 1955 to 2021, undergoing a decadal variation characterized by a “weakening-strengthening-weakening” process. While autumn experienced a slight increase, all other seasons displayed a declining trend, with the most pronounced decrease observed in spring [-0.945%·(10a)^-1] and the least in winter [-0.194%·(10a)^-1]. (2) Spatially, the winter average RH in the Loess Plateau peaked in the south, gradually diminishing from east to west in the central and northern regions. Conversely, other time series demonstrated a gradual decline from south to north. The spatial patterns of the annual and seasonal average RH variation trends in the Loess Plateau were different. (3) Postimplementation of the ecological project, the average RH throughout the year, as well as in spring, summer, and winter, exhibited varying degrees of decrease. The trends in annual, summer, and winter RH shifted from an increasing to a decreasing trajectory. Noteworthy differences emerged in the spatial distribution characteristics of annual and seasonal average RH, coupled with their respective trend changes. The prevailing trend change combination type for all temporal RH patterns was consistently low. (4) The primary seasonal factor influencing long-term changes in annual RH in the Loess Plateau is spring, with spatial dominance primarily by a single dominant type in spring and a combination of dominant types in spring and summer. (5) The annual and seasonal average RH in the Loess Plateau demonstrated a significant negative correlation with latitude (P<0.01) and a positive correlation with precipitation (P<0.01). The geographical factors exerted the most significant influence on summer average RH. Annual, spring, and summer average RH were most sensitive to average temperature, whereas autumn and winter were most responsive to wind speed.

Key words: relative humidity (RH), interdecadal variation, seasonal contribution rate, sensitivity analysis, the implementation of ecological project, the Loess Plateau

AN Bin,XIAO Weiwei,LIU Yufeng,LIU Quanyu. Temporal and spatial evolution of relative humidity in the Loess Plateau during 1955—2021[J].Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(12): 1939-1950.

Figures/Tables 12

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时序	T时段		与T时段的相对差值
时序	均值	变异系数	1955—1959年	1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010—2021年	T₁时段	T₂时段
年均	57.66	4.23	-0.71	1.15	0.78	0.46	0.69	-0.60	-1.77	0.61	-1.24
春季	48.92	10.48	-0.99	3.46	0.74	1.18	2.99	-3.60	-3.56	1.75	-3.58
夏季	63.52	4.94	0.48	-0.36	0.41	1.82	1.18	-1.59	-1.41	0.73	-1.49
秋季	65.00	6.59	-4.07	2.46	0.47	-0.12	-1.62	0.58	0.23	-0.19	0.39
冬季	53.18	9.34	-0.39	-0.43	1.42	0.07	-0.09	1.92	-2.25	0.17	-0.35

生态分区	RH平均值/%					RH变化趋势/%·a^-1
生态分区	年均	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季	年均	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
沙地农灌区	52.29	40.97	57.47	59.34	51.28	-0.0714^**	-0.1175^**	-0.0741^**	-0.0299	-0.0569
丘陵沟壑区	56.00	44.62	62.90	62.68	53.77	-0.0181	-0.0858	-0.0139^*	0.0475	-0.0203
土石河谷区	60.51	53.42	66.44	67.67	54.52	-0.0576^**	-0.1248^**	-0.0295	-0.0281	-0.0405
高塬沟壑区	59.29	51.75	65.10	67.08	53.21	-0.0224	-0.0780	-0.0174^*	0.0079	0.0085

地理因子	相关系数					偏相关系数
地理因子	年均RH	春季平均RH	夏季平均RH	秋季平均RH	冬季平均RH	年均RH	春季平均RH	夏季平均RH	秋季平均RH	冬季平均RH
纬度	-0.742^**	-0.840^**	-0.685^**	-0.761^**	-0.373^**	-0.774^**	-0.847^**	-0.817^**	-0.765^**	-0.390^**
经度	-0.018	-0.118	0.051	-0.074	0.133	0.333^*	0.286^*	0.618^**	0.211	0.098
海拔	-0.063	-0.017	0.033	-0.060	-0.232	0.214	0.207	0.552^**	0.111	-0.076

气象因子	相关系数					敏感系数
气象因子	年均RH	春季平均RH	夏季平均RH	秋季平均RH	冬季平均RH	年均RH	春季平均RH	夏季平均RH	秋季平均RH	冬季平均RH
降水量	0.682^**	0.761^**	0.816^**	0.860^**	0.700^**	0.170	0.230	0.088	0.177	0.140
平均气温	-0.390^**	-0.370^**	-0.506^**	0.005	-0.203	-0.234	-0.434	-0.698	0.006	0.002
风速	-0.007	0.116	-0.178	-0.283^*	-0.407^**	0.0003	0.157	-0.099	-0.202	-0.379

Temporal and spatial evolution of relative humidity in the Loess Plateau during 1955—2021

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