陇中黄土高原区旱地春小麦产量对干旱胁迫响应的模拟研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.02.20

Abstract

Abstract:

We investigate the response mechanisms of different drought stress on growth and yields of spring wheat in the Loess Plateau Region of central Gansu Province, China. In this study, we collected and analyzed field experimental data from the Anjiagou Fengxiang Town, Anding District, Dingxi City from 2016 to 2018, and meteorological data in the Anding District, Dingxi City from 1971 to 2018. The field observation data were used to verify the validity of the Agricultural Production Systems Simulation (APSIM) model under different drought stress. The effects of different growth stages and degrees of drought stress on growth, grain numbers, thousand-grain weight, and yields of spring wheat were analyzed using the APSIM model. Finally, the optimum irrigation time and quota were selected using the results from the multiple regression analysis. Our results revealed the root means square error values of the phenology dates, grain numbers, thousand-grain weight, and yield of the simulation model were less than 3.67 d, 300.52 grain·m^-2, 2.56 g, and 267.43 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The normalized root means square error values were less than 3.89%, 2.86%, 9.71%, and 11.58%, respectively. The model effectiveness index (M_E) values were higher than 0.62, 0.78, 0.60, and 0.66, respectively. The results indicate that the model had a good fitting and adaptability under drought stress in the study area. The most influential factor for spring wheat grain numbers was drought stress at the jointing stage, followed by the emergence, tillering, no stress, heading, flowering, and grain filling stages. The most influential factor for the weight of wheat was drought stress at the grain filling stage, followed by the flowering, heading, no stress, jointing, emergence, and tillering stages. The most influential factor for wheat yield was drought stress at the grain filling stage, followed by the grain filling, heading, flowering, emergence, no stress, and tillering stages. Under different degrees of drought stress, the yield of irrigation quota of 300.00 mm was the maximum value of 4866.19 kg·hm^-2. The yield of irrigation quota of 300.00 mm increased by 283.53%, 39.65%, 0.46%, and 15.58% for 100.00 mm, 200.00 mm, 400.00 mm, and 500.00 mm, respectively. The optimal irrigation times were 1, 47, 60, 82, and 86 d after emergence, and the optimal irrigation quota was 343.09 mm, and the yield of wheat reached maximum values of 5578.91 kg·hm^-2. A distinct interaction existed between the intensity and occurring stages of drought stress. In general, proper drought stress at the tillering stage was beneficial to increase wheat yield, but the jointing and grain filling stages were critical periods of water demand for spring wheat under drought stress. Reasonable irrigation management is needed at these growing stages to increase wheat yield.

Key words: drought stress, wheat yield, yield component, APSIM model, the Loess Plateau of central Gansu

WANG Jun,LI Guang,NIE Zhigang,DONG Lixia,YAN Lijuan. Simulation study of response of spring wheat yield to drought stress in the Loess Plateau of central Gansu[J].Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(2): 494-506.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Simulation experiment design of different drought stress during the whole growth period of spring wheat"

处理	不同生育期灌水量/mm
处理	出苗期	分蘖期	拔节期	抽穗期	开花期	灌浆期	总灌水量
T1	16.67	16.67	16.67	16.67	16.67	16.67	100.00
T2	33.33	33.33	33.33	33.33	33.33	33.33	200.00
T3	50.00	50.00	50.00	50.00	50.00	50.00	300.00
T4	66.67	66.67	66.67	66.67	66.67	66.67	400.00
T5	83.33	83.33	83.33	83.33	83.33	83.33	500.00
T6	0.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	100.00
T7	0.00	40.00	40.00	40.00	40.00	40.00	200.00
T8	0.00	60.00	60.00	60.00	60.00	60.00	300.00
T9	0.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	400.00
T10	0.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	500.00
T11	20.00	0.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	100.00
T12	40.00	0.00	40.00	40.00	40.00	40.00	200.00
T13	60.00	0.00	60.00	60.00	60.00	60.00	300.00
T14	80.00	0.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	400.00
T15	100.00	0.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	500.00
T16	20.00	20.00	0.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	100.00
T17	40.00	40.00	0.00	40.00	40.00	40.00	200.00
T18	60.00	60.00	0.00	60.00	60.00	60.00	300.00
T19	80.00	80.00	0.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	400.00
T20	100.00	100.00	0.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	500.00
T21	20.00	20.00	20.00	0.00	20.00	20.00	100.00
T22	40.00	40.00	40.00	0.00	40.00	40.00	200.00
T23	60.00	60.00	60.00	0.00	60.00	60.00	300.00
T24	80.00	80.00	80.00	0.00	80.00	80.00	400.00
T25	100.00	100.00	100.00	0.00	100.00	100.00	500.00
T26	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	0.00	20.00	100.00
T27	40.00	40.00	40.00	40.00	0.00	40.00	200.00
T28	60.00	60.00	60.00	60.00	0.00	60.00	300.00
T29	80.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	0.00	80.00	400.00
T30	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	0.00	100.00	500.00
T31	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	0.00	100.00
T32	40.00	40.00	40.00	40.00	40.00	0.00	200.00
T33	60.00	60.00	60.00	60.00	60.00	0.00	300.00
T34	80.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	0.00	400.00
T35	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	0.00	500.00

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Fig. 2

Tab. 6

Fig. 3

Tab. 7

Fig. 4

Tab. 8

Tab. 9

Fig. 5

Tab. 10

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参数名称	参数值	单位
春化敏感系数	1.00	-
光周期敏感系数	2.00	-
单位茎秆干物质的籽粒数	25.00	个·g^-1
灌浆期到成熟期的积温	580.00	℃·d^-1
灌浆速率	2.30	mg·d^-1
分蘖重	1.22	g
单株重	4.00	g
株高	1000.00	mm
最大谷粒重	0.045	g

参数	0~5 cm	5~10 cm	10~30 cm	30~50 cm	50~80 cm	80~110 cm	110~140 cm	140~170 cm	170~200 cm
容重/g·cm^-3	1.290	1.226	1.325	1.200	1.140	1.140	1.250	1.120	1.100
风干含水量/cm³·mm^-3	0.013	0.013	0.046	0.071	0.087	0.103	0.107	0.115	0.127
萎蔫系数/cm³·cm^-3	0.090	0.090	0.090	0.090	0.090	0.110	0.110	0.120	0.130
田间最大持水量/cm³·mm^-3	0.274	0.274	0.270	0.269	0.261	0.269	0.260	0.257	0.261
饱和含水量/cm³·cm^-3	0.463	0.487	0.450	0.497	0.520	0.520	0.480	0.529	0.531
土壤导水率	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
pH值	8.360	8.360	8.360	8.360	8.360	8.360	8.360	8.360	8.360
铵态氮/kg·hm^-2	4.064	3.188	13.515	11.760	15.732	16.416	18.000	19.488	13.653
硝态氮/kg·hm^-2	12.320	9.318	61.215	39.840	57.456	62.244	61.500	46.032	51.282
小麦萎蔫系数/cm³·cm^-3	0.090	0.090	0.090	0.090	0.100	0.115	0.125	0.180	0.220
小麦吸水吸水/d^-1	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.050	0.050	0.030	0.030	0.030
小麦根系伸展系数	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000

灌水量/mm	出苗期			拔节期			抽穗期			开花期
灌水量/mm	RMSE/d	NRMSE/%	M_E	RMSE/d	NRMSE/%	M_E	RMSE/d	NRMSE/%	M_E	RMSE/d	NRMSE/%	M_E
50.00	3.39	3.05	0.70	3.16	2.95	0.74	3.09	2.75	0.76	2.94	2.68	0.75
100.00	2.69	1.59	0.86	2.28	1.29	0.90	2.05	1.09	0.94	1.98	1.02	0.95
150.00	2.83	1.95	0.83	2.56	1.45	0.89	2.35	1.26	0.90	2.18	1.15	0.93
200.00	3.01	2.62	0.79	2.75	1.63	0.84	2.42	1.30	0.89	2.31	1.23	0.91
250.00	3.45	3.72	0.68	3.11	2.86	0.75	2.95	2.35	0.82	2.69	1.49	0.86
300.00	3.67	3.89	0.62	3.34	3.02	0.71	3.05	2.72	0.78	2.78	1.48	0.82

灌水量/mm	RMSE/个·m^-2	NRMSE/%	M_E
50.00	253.22	2.86	0.89
100.00	228.52	1.67	0.93
150.00	234.37	1.80	0.85
200.00	247.62	2.07	0.82
250.00	295.74	2.66	0.81
300.00	300.52	2.83	0.78

灌水量/mm	RMSE/g	NRMSE/%	M_E
50.00	2.56	9.71	0.74
100.00	2.27	7.62	0.77
150.00	1.66	6.00	0.72
200.00	1.93	7.45	0.62
250.00	1.96	8.63	0.62
300.00	2.05	9.48	0.60

Simulation study of response of spring wheat yield to drought stress in the Loess Plateau of central Gansu

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References 41

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灌水量/mm	RMSE/kg·hm^-2	NRMSE/%	M_E
50.00	267.43	11.58	0.76
100.00	226.92	5.50	0.78
150.00	234.67	6.41	0.71
200.00	185.78	5.16	0.67
250.00	215.50	8.57	0.66
300.00	222.18	9.58	0.69

处理	籽粒数/个·m^-2	平均籽粒数/个·m^-2	千粒重/g	平均千粒重/g	产量/kg·hm^-2	平均产量/kg·hm^-2
T1	3402.53	9384.45	43.32	41.15	1473.98	3817.02
T2	8434.52		42.73		3604.07
T3	11252.78		41.67		4689.00
T4	12347.05		41.58		5133.90
T5	11485.36		36.43		4184.12
T6	3030.23	9098.02	42.18	41.49	1278.15	3752.16
T7	7970.41		43.18		3441.62
T8	11438.07		43.49		4974.42
T9	11655.90		42.58		4983.08
T10	11395.48		36.01		4103.51
T11	3152.92	9370.38	42.82	41.88	1350.08	3897.30
T12	8524.30		43.20		3682.50
T13	11310.70		43.50		4917.89
T14	11990.77		42.95		5150.04
T15	11873.23		36.94		4385.97
T16	2907.63	8618.81	41.95	41.26	1219.75	3533.88
T17	7709.07		43.06		3319.53
T18	10572.67		43.39		4587.48
T19	11106.43		42.09		4674.70
T20	10798.25		35.82		3867.93
T21	3353.07	9411.70	37.96	40.28	1272.83	3693.26
T22	8510.76		41.95		3570.26
T23	11725.96		42.37		4968.29
T24	11947.17		41.53		4961.66
T25	11521.54		37.61		4333.25
T26	3529.61	9534.52	35.53	38.75	1254.07	3740.11
T27	8512.47		40.12		3415.20
T28	11836.12		41.49		4910.81
T29	12158.55		39.01		4743.05
T30	11635.87		37.62		4377.41
T31	3562.02	9642.28	34.75	37.60	1237.80	3659.92
T32	8756.74		39.72		3478.18
T33	11949.24		40.49		4838.25
T34	12253.92		37.15		4552.33
T35	11689.49		35.87		4193.02

指标	拟合方程	R²	F值	P值
籽粒数	y=-1266.36+91.09x₆-0.10x₆²-0.05x₁x₆+0.08x₂x₆-0.27x₃x₅-0.18x₄x₆	0.92	622.82	0.0001
千粒重	y=0.50778+0.0889x₆-0.0002x₆²+0.0001x₂x₆+0.0020x₃x₄-0.0004x₃x₆+0.0042x₄x₅	0.85	28.88	0.0001
产量	y=158.54-4239.67x₁+26.70x₆-0.05x₆²+6.04x₁x₂+50.85x₁x₄-0.02x₁x₆-0.03x₂x₃+0.03x₂x₆-0.03x₃x₆-0.28x₄x₅+0.14x₅x₆	0.95	238.43	0.0001

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