黄土丘陵沟壑区不同深度土壤水分对降雨的响应及其稳定性

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.02.21

Abstract

Abstract:

The soil in the Loess Plateau, China is deep and contains abundant soil water resources. However, the terrain is complex, and small land patches are used in this area. Therefore, the temporal and spatial changes of soil moisture are extremely complicated. Previous studies have concentrated more on the soil moisture’s variation characteristics. This study extracts invariance from its variability and explores soil moisture stability characteristics to provide a scientific basis for ground-sampling design and soil moisture prediction in the Loess Plateau. A typical hill in the Loess Plateau was selected as our experimental site, and continuous soil moisture data were obtained using five monitoring instruments on the hillside. The rainfall was monitored simultaneously to investigate the soil moisture changes at varying depths under the influence of varying rainfall events. The soil moisture of five sample strips (including 31 sampling points) was measured using the ground-drilling sampling method, and the sampling was conducted before and after the rainy season to investigate the spatial variation of soil moisture at varying depths. The results show that soil moisture above a 20 cm depth fluctuated frequently under the influence of rainfall-evaporation and had no obvious regularity, making it challenging to characterize soil moisture differences for various land-use types or spatial locations. Therefore, the surface soil moisture should be used cautiously when studying soil moisture change characteristics. At a depth of 40-80 cm, rainfall less than 30 mm will not cause significant soil moisture changes. For different land-use types, the order of soil water content in farmland>grassland>shrubland could remain unchanged for long without heavy rainfall. At a depth of 100 cm, the soil moisture at each sampling point could be maintained at a stable value for several months. Rainfall less than 46 mm will not cause significant soil moisture changes in this layer. After heavy rainfall (>46 mm), the soil moisture will rise stepwise, and maintain long-term stability at the new level. In space, where the soil water content is higher, it remains high after the rainy season, whereas where the soil water content is lower before the rainy season, it remains low after the rainy season. The deeper into the soil, the more stable the spatial stability of soil moisture. Therefore, when comparing soil moisture of different land-use types or spatial locations using the ground-sampling method, deep sampling is critical to obtain stable and reliable results. This study’s results have practical value in simplifying soil moisture ground monitoring and rationally arranging sampling time nodes and have a reference value for soil moisture temporal and spatial prediction in the Loess Plateau.

Key words: soil moisture, stability, precipitation, Loess Plateau

YAO Xueling,YANG Guojing,WANG Shuai,GUO Xiujiang. Soil moisture response and stability to rainfall in different depths in Loess Plateau[J].Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(2): 507-513.

Figures/Tables 6

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References 21

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监测点编号	植被类型	优势种	覆盖度/%	高度/m	土壤容重/g·cm^-3	退耕/种植年限/a
1	人工乔木	刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)	40	3.5	1.36	30
2	天然灌木	土庄绣线菊(Spiraea pubescens)	90	1.5	1.22	30
3	草地1	铁杆蒿(Artemisia gmelinii)	75	0.5	1.25	20
4	草地2	白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)	80	0.4	1.29	10
5	农田	玉米(Zea mays)	95	2.2	1.40	>50

降雨场次编号	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K
降雨量/mm	13.4	25.0	21.4	17.8	57.8	76.0	9.8	30.2	6.6	46.0	4.8
雨强/mm·h^-1	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.2	2.4	1.0	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.6	0.1
10 cm	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
20 cm	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√	√
40 cm					√	√		√		√
60 cm					√	√		√		√
80 cm					√	√		√		√
100 cm					√	√				√

Soil moisture response and stability to rainfall in different depths in Loess Plateau

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样带编号	方位	植被类型	坡度/（°）	小地形	退耕年限/a	林冠郁闭度/%	地表覆盖度/%
1	北	上坡位-沙棘林	22	平直坡	8	95	100
		中坡位-刺槐林	22	平直坡	28	50	95
2	东北	沙棘林	8	平直坡	8	95	100
3	东	上坡位-刺槐林	18	隔阶坡面	8	30	30
		中坡位-荒草地	18	平直坡	10	-	30
4	南偏西	上坡位-山杏林	19	隔阶坡面	7	40	70
		中坡位-荒草地	19	隔阶坡面	7	-	70
5	西	上坡位-荒草地	21	平直坡	20	-	80
		中坡位-刺槐林	22	平直坡	20	30	80

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