不同沉陷应力区土壤水分和溶质运移的模拟试验

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.615

Abstract

Abstract:

Mining subsidence in the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia border region of northwestern China has caused ecological damage by strongly disturbing the surface soil. To explore the mechanism by which mining subsidence influences soil water and salt transport, physical soil subsidence and numerical soil-water and salt-transport models were established in the HYDRUS-2D water-salt model using soil bulk density data from different stress areas of the subsidence profile. The variation in soil moisture, total salt, and different solute-ion content with soil depth and migration time in different subsidence stress regions during soil evaporation was studied. The results showed that: (1) At 0-40 cm depth, the effect of subsidence and tension significantly enhanced soil evaporation, resulting in soil water content in the extrusion zone significantly higher than the tension zone. (2) The total soil salt content in each subsidence stress region varied strongly with depth, and salt accumulation was observed in the 20-40 cm and 60-80 cm soil layers. Moreover, the salt accumulation depth in the right tensile area showed a downward migration trend. (3) The accumulation concentrations of Ca²⁺, SO₄^2-, Mg²⁺, and Cl^- in the subsidence tensile zone were greater than the extrusion zone. The concentrations of Ca²⁺, SO₄^2-, and CO₃^2- showed a single peak of accumulation with depth and a significant decrease in accumulation depth in the subsidence and extension areas. (4) The HYDRUS-2D water-salt model can accurately simulate soil water and salt transport in mining subsidence soil profiles. Compared with the measured soil salt and water content values, the average relative error, root mean square error, and coefficient of determination of the simulated values were respectively as follows: ≤0.5, ≤0.5, and >0.95. In the mining subsidence areas of the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia border region, salt migration through the subsidence tensile stress area of the soil can greatly alleviate the problem of land salinization caused by strong evaporation. This study thus provides an important theoretical basis for implementing science-based ecological restoration projects in mining subsidence areas, for establishing differentiated ecological restoration models, and for accelerating ecological self-healing capabilities.

Key words: mining subsidence, soil moisture migration, soil solute transport, HYDRUS-2D

WEN Xin, SHANG Haili, HUANG Xianwu, LI Jianwei, LI Yilin, YANG Hongyu. Simulation experiment on soil moisture and solute transport in different subsidence stress regions[J].Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(9): 1481-1492.

Figures/Tables 11

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测试项目	粒径占比/%
测试项目	粗砂（497~2000 μm）	中砂（240~497 μm）	细砂（72~240 μm）	黏土（<72 μm）
矿区土壤	16.35	23.98	42.03	17.64
供试土壤	16.50	29.06	43.34	11.10

处理组	θ_r/cm³·cm^-3	θ_s/cm³·cm^-3	α	n	K_s/cm·d^-1
左侧边缘区	0.0436	0.3956	0.0363	1.6585	96.68
拉张B区	0.0415	0.3607	0.0395	1.6303	61.54
挤压C区	0.0413	0.3579	0.0396	1.6243	59.24
拉张D区	0.0368	0.2802	0.0498	1.4600	17.38
右侧边缘区	0.0405	0.3468	0.0414	1.5969	50.64
对照组	0.0375	0.3364	0.0469	1.6164	53.80

处理组	土层深度/cm	土壤含水率			土壤含盐量
处理组	土层深度/cm	RMSE	ME	R²	RMSE	ME	R²
试验组	0~20	0.03	0.01	0.99	0.04	-0.01	0.95
	20~40	0.03	0.01	0.99	0.04	-0.04	0.96
	40~60	0.02	-0.01	0.98	0.03	0.01	0.95
	60~80	0.05	0.05	0.93	0.03	0.01	0.94
	80~100	0.02	0.04	0.94	0.04	-0.01	0.96
对照组	0~20	0.02	-0.02	0.95	0.03	0.04	0.96
	20~40	0.03	-0.02	0.94	0.04	0.03	0.97
	40~60	0.01	0.01	0.92	0.01	0.03	0.96
	60~80	0.02	-0.02	0.96	0.01	0.03	0.95
	80~100	0.03	-0.03	0.97	0.01	0.02	0.97

Simulation experiment on soil moisture and solute transport in different subsidence stress regions

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