黄土高原水分利用效率动态及其对干旱和地表温度的响应

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Dynamics of water use efficiency and its response to drought and land surface temperature on the Loess Plateau

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.719

Abstract:

The spatiotemporal variations of water use efficiency (WUE) and its relationship with drought and land surface temperature (LST) on the Loess Plateau are crucial for assessing the maximum vegetation carrying capacity in this region, known as the most severely eroded area globally and the largest greening area in China. This study employed Theil-Sen trend analysis and the first-order differencing relative contribution method to examine the spatiotemporal changes in WUE across different seasons on the Loess Plateau from 2001 to 2021 and to evaluate the contributions of drought and LST to these changes. The results reveal that: (1) The average WUE values in spring and autumn are below 2.0 g C·m^-2·mm^-1, while in summer, the average WUE exceeds 2.0 g C·m^-2·mm^-1. In spring and autumn, WUE is higher in cultivated land and forest areas compared to grassland areas, whereas in summer, WUE is lowest in cultivated land, followed by forest areas, and highest in grassland. (2) WUE remains stable in spring and summer, displaying a spatial distribution of “reduction in the central part, stability in the western and eastern parts.” The rate of decline in WUE is greater in grassland areas than in forest and cultivated land areas. In autumn, WUE shows an increasing trend, with a higher rate of increase observed in grassland areas than in forest and cultivated land areas, exhibiting a spatial pattern of “increase in the northwest, decrease in the southeast.” (3) In spring and summer, LST positively contributes to WUE changes, with the most significant impacts in grassland areas. In autumn, LST negatively affects WUE in grassland and forest areas but positively influences WUE in cultivated land areas. Drought positively contributes to WUE changes in spring and autumn, while it negatively affects WUE in summer. These findings enhance the understanding of the interactions between drought, LST, and water resources in the context of climate change and ecological restoration efforts on the Loess Plateau.

Key words: water use efficiency, drought, land surface temperature, Loess Plateau

QIN Gexia, MENG Zhiyuan, LI Ni. Dynamics of water use efficiency and its response to drought and land surface temperature on the Loess Plateau[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(11): 1887-1898.

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生态问题	实施的生态工程	实施期限	涉及区域
水土流失	水土保持工程	1949年至今	黄河流域全域
林草退化	三北防护林体系建设工程	1978年至今	青海、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、陕西、山西
林草退化	天然林资源保护工程	1998—2020年	陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、内蒙古、河南、山西
林草退化	退耕还林还草	1999至今	黄河流域全域
土地沙化	京津唐风沙源治理工程	2000—2022年	陕西、山西、内蒙古
矿山破坏	废弃矿山治理工程	2005年至今	甘南黄河上游、内蒙古矿山、河南黄河三门峡段
湿地萎缩	湿地保护与修复工程	2006年至今	山东黄河河口、若尔盖湿地、黄河三角洲湿地
系统治理	山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程	2016至今	黄土高原、黄河三角洲、黄河中上游

季节	LST对WUE变化贡献度面积占比						SPEI对WUE变化贡献度面积占比
季节	<-1%	-1%~0	0~1%	1%~2%	2%~3%	≥3%	<-60%	-60%~-30%	-30%~0	0~30%	30%~60%	≥60%
春季	5.28	15.88	27.84	20.92	13.14	16.94	4.44	13.81	55.13	21.74	3.58	1.30
夏季	21.48	16.53	15.34	12.58	10.07	24.00	1.14	3.14	42.44	35.13	10.18	7.97
秋季	13.58	41.98	35.68	7.35	1.18	0.23	0.01	0.33	79.91	19.70	0.05	0.00

季节	LST和SPEI总体对WUE变化贡献度面积占比
季节	<-60%	-60%~-40%	-40%~-20%	-20%~0	0~20%	20%~40%	40%~60%	≥60%
春季	4.75	4.58	9.43	21.79	25.83	26.97	3.32	3.33
夏季	2.12	3.75	10.61	35.83	42.33	4.99	0.29	0.08
秋季	3.01	4.52	12.27	17.33	16.75	16.92	13.99	15.21

贡献度	草地			林地			耕地
贡献度	春季	夏季	秋季	春季	夏季	秋季	春季	夏季	秋季
LST对WUE的贡献度	1.28	1.39	-0.13	0.99	1.08	-0.15	1.13	0.90	0.01
SPEI对WUE的贡献度	-17.33	22.59	-5.50	-24.26	10.59	-7.84	-22.26	2.44	-7.63
LST和SPEI总体对WUE的贡献度	6.80	-5.09	10.82	1.93	-2.12	20.31	-11.60	-5.83	18.92

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