黄土高原水分利用效率动态及其对干旱和地表温度的响应

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.719

干旱区地理 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 1887-1898.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.719

黄土高原水分利用效率动态及其对干旱和地表温度的响应

秦格霞¹^,²(), 孟治元³, 李妮⁴()

1.陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室，陕西西安 710127
2.西北大学城市与环境学院地表系统与灾害研究院，陕西西安 710127
3.西安东方宏业科技股份有限公司，陕西西安 710000
4.陕西学前师范学院经济与管理学院，陕西西安 710100

收稿日期:2023-12-19 修回日期:2024-01-25 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-12-03
通讯作者: 李妮（1984-），女，在读博士，副教授，主要从事生态水文与干旱区植被恢复等方面的研究. E-mail: lini_2004@163.com
作者简介:秦格霞（1995-），女，博士研究生，主要从事干旱区植被恢复、冰冻圈与全球气候变化等方面的研究. E-mail: qingexia2021@163.com
基金资助:
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2022JQ-274)

Dynamics of water use efficiency and its response to drought and land surface temperature on the Loess Plateau

QIN Gexia¹^,²(), MENG Zhiyuan³, LI Ni⁴()

1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi’an 710127, Shaanxi, China
2. Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, Shaanxi, China
3. Xi’an Dongfang Hongye Technology Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi, China
4. School of Economics and Management, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University, Xi’an 710100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2023-12-19 Revised:2024-01-25 Published:2024-11-25 Online:2024-12-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄土高原是世界上土壤侵蚀最严重和中国增绿幅度最大的地区，研究该区水分利用效率（WUE）时空演变及其与干旱和地表温度（LST）之间的关系，已成为黄土高原最大植被容纳阈值选择的重要参考。基于Theil-Sen趋势法和一阶差分相对贡献量法分析了2001—2021年黄土高原不同季节WUE时空变化规律及干旱和LST对WUE变化的贡献情况。结果表明：（1）2001—2021年黄土高原春、秋季WUE平均值小于2.0 g C·m^-2·mm^-1，夏季WUE平均值大于2.0 g C·m^-2·mm^-1。春、秋季耕地和林地区域WUE高于草地区域，夏季耕地区域WUE最低，林地区域次之，草地区域最高。（2）春、夏季WUE以稳定不变趋势为主，空间分布上均表现为“中部减少，西部和东部稳定不变”的特征，草地区域WUE下降速率>林地区域>耕地区域；秋季WUE以增加趋势为主，草地区域WUE上升速率>林地区域>耕地区域，空间分布上呈“西北增加，东南减少”的特征。（3）春、夏季LST对WUE变化为正贡献度，草地区域表现最为显著，秋季LST对草地和林地区域WUE为负贡献度，但对耕地区域WUE为正贡献度。春、秋季干旱对WUE变化为正贡献度，夏季为负贡献度。以上结果有助于认识气候变化和生态修复工程实施背景下黄土高原干旱和LST与水资源之间的关系。

关键词: 水分利用效率, 干旱, 地表温度, 黄土高原

Abstract:

The spatiotemporal variations of water use efficiency (WUE) and its relationship with drought and land surface temperature (LST) on the Loess Plateau are crucial for assessing the maximum vegetation carrying capacity in this region, known as the most severely eroded area globally and the largest greening area in China. This study employed Theil-Sen trend analysis and the first-order differencing relative contribution method to examine the spatiotemporal changes in WUE across different seasons on the Loess Plateau from 2001 to 2021 and to evaluate the contributions of drought and LST to these changes. The results reveal that: (1) The average WUE values in spring and autumn are below 2.0 g C·m^-2·mm^-1, while in summer, the average WUE exceeds 2.0 g C·m^-2·mm^-1. In spring and autumn, WUE is higher in cultivated land and forest areas compared to grassland areas, whereas in summer, WUE is lowest in cultivated land, followed by forest areas, and highest in grassland. (2) WUE remains stable in spring and summer, displaying a spatial distribution of “reduction in the central part, stability in the western and eastern parts.” The rate of decline in WUE is greater in grassland areas than in forest and cultivated land areas. In autumn, WUE shows an increasing trend, with a higher rate of increase observed in grassland areas than in forest and cultivated land areas, exhibiting a spatial pattern of “increase in the northwest, decrease in the southeast.” (3) In spring and summer, LST positively contributes to WUE changes, with the most significant impacts in grassland areas. In autumn, LST negatively affects WUE in grassland and forest areas but positively influences WUE in cultivated land areas. Drought positively contributes to WUE changes in spring and autumn, while it negatively affects WUE in summer. These findings enhance the understanding of the interactions between drought, LST, and water resources in the context of climate change and ecological restoration efforts on the Loess Plateau.

Key words: water use efficiency, drought, land surface temperature, Loess Plateau

秦格霞, 孟治元, 李妮. 黄土高原水分利用效率动态及其对干旱和地表温度的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(11): 1887-1898.

QIN Gexia, MENG Zhiyuan, LI Ni. Dynamics of water use efficiency and its response to drought and land surface temperature on the Loess Plateau[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(11): 1887-1898.

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生态问题	实施的生态工程	实施期限	涉及区域
水土流失	水土保持工程	1949年至今	黄河流域全域
林草退化	三北防护林体系建设工程	1978年至今	青海、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、陕西、山西
林草退化	天然林资源保护工程	1998—2020年	陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、内蒙古、河南、山西
林草退化	退耕还林还草	1999至今	黄河流域全域
土地沙化	京津唐风沙源治理工程	2000—2022年	陕西、山西、内蒙古
矿山破坏	废弃矿山治理工程	2005年至今	甘南黄河上游、内蒙古矿山、河南黄河三门峡段
湿地萎缩	湿地保护与修复工程	2006年至今	山东黄河河口、若尔盖湿地、黄河三角洲湿地
系统治理	山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程	2016至今	黄土高原、黄河三角洲、黄河中上游

季节	LST对WUE变化贡献度面积占比						SPEI对WUE变化贡献度面积占比
季节	<-1%	-1%~0	0~1%	1%~2%	2%~3%	≥3%	<-60%	-60%~-30%	-30%~0	0~30%	30%~60%	≥60%
春季	5.28	15.88	27.84	20.92	13.14	16.94	4.44	13.81	55.13	21.74	3.58	1.30
夏季	21.48	16.53	15.34	12.58	10.07	24.00	1.14	3.14	42.44	35.13	10.18	7.97
秋季	13.58	41.98	35.68	7.35	1.18	0.23	0.01	0.33	79.91	19.70	0.05	0.00

季节	LST和SPEI总体对WUE变化贡献度面积占比
季节	<-60%	-60%~-40%	-40%~-20%	-20%~0	0~20%	20%~40%	40%~60%	≥60%
春季	4.75	4.58	9.43	21.79	25.83	26.97	3.32	3.33
夏季	2.12	3.75	10.61	35.83	42.33	4.99	0.29	0.08
秋季	3.01	4.52	12.27	17.33	16.75	16.92	13.99	15.21

贡献度	草地			林地			耕地
贡献度	春季	夏季	秋季	春季	夏季	秋季	春季	夏季	秋季
LST对WUE的贡献度	1.28	1.39	-0.13	0.99	1.08	-0.15	1.13	0.90	0.01
SPEI对WUE的贡献度	-17.33	22.59	-5.50	-24.26	10.59	-7.84	-22.26	2.44	-7.63
LST和SPEI总体对WUE的贡献度	6.80	-5.09	10.82	1.93	-2.12	20.31	-11.60	-5.83	18.92

黄土高原水分利用效率动态及其对干旱和地表温度的响应

Dynamics of water use efficiency and its response to drought and land surface temperature on the Loess Plateau

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