中国市域城乡收入差距时空演化及影响因素

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.257

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的本质要求，缩小城乡收入差距是实现共同富裕和城乡融合发展过程中不可回避的现实问题。基于2012—2021年366个市域研究单元城乡收入比的数据，综合运用核密度估计和探索性空间数据分析等研究方法对中国城乡收入差距的时空演化特征进行探析，再借助地理加权回归模型探究各影响因素对中国不同地区城乡收入差距影响程度的空间分异特征。结果表明：（1） 2012—2021年中国的城乡收入差距呈现出逐渐缩小的态势，同时各市域间城乡收入差距的相对差异也在不断缩小。（2）中国城乡收入差距的低值区主要分布在东南沿海地区以及黑龙江省和新疆维吾尔自治区的少数城市，高值区主要分布在云贵山区、西藏自治区和黄河中上游的部分城市。从全局趋势来看，中国的城乡收入差距呈现出西高东低、南高北低、中间高两边低的空间分布格局。（3）市域尺度下，中国的城乡收入差距呈现出显著的空间正相关性，城乡收入差距大的市域和城乡收入差距小的市域均趋于集聚。（4）影响因素存在区域异质性，各地区在缩小城乡收入差距、统筹城乡发展的过程中要实施因地制宜的政策。

关键词: 城乡收入差距, 共同富裕, 空间分布格局, 时空演化, 影响因素

Abstract:

Common prosperity is a fundamental requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and reducing the urban-rural income gap is a practical challenge in achieving common prosperity and urban-rural integration. This study analyzes the spatial-temporal evolution of China’s urban-rural income gap using kernel density estimation, exploratory spatial data analysis, and other research methods based on urban-rural income ratio data from 366 urban research units between 2012 and 2021. Furthermore, a geographical-weighted regression model is used to explore the spatial differentiation of various factors influencing the urban-rural income gap across different regions in China. The results show that: (1) From 2012 to 2021, the urban-rural income gap in China gradually reduced, and the relative difference in the urban-rural income gap among cities also reduced. (2) Low-value areas of the urban-rural income gap are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas, along with a few cities in Heilongjiang Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In contrast, high-value areas are mainly distributed in the Yunnan-Guizhou mountain area, the Tibet Autonomous Region, and some cities in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Overall, the urban-rural income gap in China exhibits a spatial distribution pattern, which is high in the west and low in the east, high in the north and low in the south, and high in the middle and low at both ends. (3) At the city-level scale, the urban-rural income gap in China exhibits a significant spatial positive correlation, and the cities with large and small urban-rural income gaps tend to cluster. (4) Regional heterogeneity exists in the influencing factors, emphasizing the need for tailored policies to address the urban-rural income gap and promote coordinated urban-rural development based on local conditions in all regions.

Key words: urban-rural income gap, common prosperity, spatial distribution pattern, spatiotemporal evolution, influencing factors

江岳坤, 石鹏娟. 中国市域城乡收入差距时空演化及影响因素[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(1): 147-157.

JIANG Yuekun, SHI Pengjuan. Spatiotemporal evolution and its affecting factors of urban-rural income gap at the city-level scale in China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(1): 147-157.

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年份	低城乡收入差距		中城乡收入差距		高城乡收入差距		极高城乡收入差距
年份	城市数量/个	占比/%	城市数量/个	占比/%	城市数量/个	占比/%	城市数量/个	占比/%
2012	0	0.00	168	45.90	154	42.08	44	12.02
2013	1	0.27	191	52.19	141	38.52	33	9.02
2014	1	0.27	231	63.11	122	33.33	12	3.28
2015	2	0.55	236	64.48	118	32.24	10	2.73
2016	1	0.27	243	66.39	114	31.15	8	2.19
2017	1	0.27	249	68.03	109	29.78	7	1.91
2018	2	0.55	252	68.85	106	28.96	6	1.64
2019	4	1.09	261	71.31	96	26.23	5	1.37
2020	7	1.91	284	77.60	71	19.40	4	1.09
2021	9	2.46	298	81.42	56	15.30	3	0.82

年份	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Moran’s I	0.303	0.303	0.323	0.299	0.304	0.299	0.306	0.304	0.302	0.296
Z值	20.956	20.942	22.350	20.671	21.016	20.956	21.146	21.028	20.897	20.444
P值	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000