秦岭山区-黄土高原地区生态基流区域差异及其阈值研究

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秦岭山区-黄土高原地区生态基流区域差异及其阈值研究

Regional differences and threshold of ecological base flow in the Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau region

秦岭山区-黄土高原地区生态基流区域差异及其阈值研究

Regional differences and threshold of ecological base flow in the Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau region

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.179

干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 380-390.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.179 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024179

杨晓亚¹(), 于坤霞¹(), 李占斌¹, 李鹏¹^,², 刘永刚³, 莫淑红¹, 杨建宏³

1.西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室，陕西西安 710048
2.西安理工大学旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业局重点实验室，陕西西安 710048
3.陕西省水资源与河库调度中心，陕西西安 710004

收稿日期:2024-03-18 修回日期:2024-06-04 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-14
通讯作者: 于坤霞（1989-），女，博士，副教授，主要从事水文学及水资源研究. E-mail: yukunxia@126.com
作者简介:杨晓亚（1999-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事水文学及水资源研究. E-mail: yangxiaoya0212@163.com
基金资助:
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-ZDLSF-60);国家自然科学基金项目(52079104);宁夏水利科学研究院项目(SKYZY-2024005);陕西省青年科技新星项目(2024ZC-KJXX-058)

YANG Xiaoya¹(), YU Kunxia¹(), LI Zhanbin¹, LI Peng¹^,², LIU Yonggang³, MO Shuhong¹, YANG Jianhong³

1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, Shaanxi, China
2. China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, Shaanxi, China
3. Shaanxi Provincial Water Resources and River Reservoir Dispatching Center, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi, China

Received:2024-03-18 Revised:2024-06-04 Published:2025-03-25 Online:2025-03-14

摘要：

秦岭山区-黄土高原地质地貌连续区生态系统十分脆弱，河道生态基流及其阈值对生态系统的保护十分重要。以秦岭山区-黄土高原为研究区域，构建了涵盖气候、植被、地形地貌、土层结构、流域形态及社会经济6个方面特征的22个生态基流影响因子体系，通过构建自组织映射（SOM）神经网络和K-means聚类分析法，依据上述影响因子将秦岭山区-黄土高原划分为黄土高原中部、秦岭南麓、秦岭北麓和黄土高原西北部4个子区域，利用偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）对3个子区域的生态基流影响因素进行了建模与分析。结果表明：（1）黄土高原中部的生态基流主要受降水集中度的影响，秦岭南麓主要受年平均气温的影响，秦岭北麓主要受土壤含水量影响。（2）不同子区域生态基流存在显著的区域性差异，黄土高原中部、秦岭南麓、秦岭北麓、黄土高原西北部生态基流占比阈值分别为7.9%、9.5%、7.5%、4.1%。（3）考虑不同子区域生态基流对环境变化的响应差异，建立了一个可用于计算和模拟生态基流的线性回归模型，模型决定性系数均大于0.87。研究结果不仅为生态基流的量化估算提供了科学依据，也对河流健康的维护与水资源的可持续利用提供了参考，具有重要的理论与实践价值。

关键词: 生态基流, 聚类分析, 流量阈值, 结构方程, 影响因素

Abstract:

The Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau geological and geomorphological continuum features a fragile ecosystem where river ecological base flow and its thresholds are critical for ecosystem protection. This study examines the Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau region in China, constructing a system of 22 ecological base flow influencing factors, including climate, vegetation, topography, soil structure, watershed morphology, and socio-economic variables. Using a self-organizing map (SOM) neural network and K-means clustering analysis, the region was divided into four sub-regions: the central Loess Plateau, southern Qinling, northern Qinling, and northwestern Loess Plateau. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to model and analyze ecological base flow influencing factors in three sub-regions. The results indicate that: (1) Ecological base flow is primarily influenced by precipitation concentration in the central Loess Plateau, by annual mean temperature in the southern Qinling, and by soil moisture content in the northern Qinling. (2) Significant regional differences were observed in ecological base flow thresholds, with values of 7.9% for the central Loess Plateau, 9.5% for the southern Qinling, 7.5% for the northern Qinling, and 4.1% for the northwestern Loess Plateau. (3) A linear regression model was developed to calculate and simulate ecological base flow, with determination coefficients exceeding 0.87, accounting for regional differences in environmental response. These findings provide a robust scientific basis for the quantitative estimation of ecological base flow, offer insights into river health maintenance and sustainable water resource utilization, and hold substantial theoretical and practical significance.

Key words: ecological base flow, cluster analysis, flow threshold, structural equation, influencing factors

杨晓亚, 于坤霞, 李占斌, 李鹏, 刘永刚, 莫淑红, 杨建宏. 秦岭山区-黄土高原地区生态基流区域差异及其阈值研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(3): 380-390.

YANG Xiaoya, YU Kunxia, LI Zhanbin, LI Peng, LIU Yonggang, MO Shuhong, YANG Jianhong. Regional differences and threshold of ecological base flow in the Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau region[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(3): 380-390.

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分类	影响因子	来源
气候条件	年降水量（P）	由遥感数据统计
	降水变异系数（P_CV）	降水量标准偏差/年降水量均值
	年平均气温（T）	由遥感数据统计
	平均湿度指数（HI）	降水量/潜在蒸散发
	降水集中度（P_CD）	由降水量数据计算
	地表净太阳辐射（S）	由遥感数据统计
植被覆盖	归一化植被指数（NDVI）	由遥感数据统计
	森林和草地占比（FG）	由土地利用数据统计
	净初级生产力（NPP）	由遥感数据统计
	叶面积指数（LI）	由遥感数据统计
土层结构	黏土比例（Clay）	由土壤质地数据统计
	粉砂土比例（Silt）	由土壤质地数据统计
	砂土比例（Sand）	由土壤质地数据统计
	土壤含水量（SW）	由遥感数据统计
地形地貌	集水区平均高程（E）	由DEM计算
地形地貌	地表起伏度（R）	由DEM计算
流域形态	流域面积（A）	由遥感数据统计
	流域形状系数（K）	边界长度/面积相同的圆
	河网密度（RD）	河长/流域面积
社会经济	地区生产总值（GDP）	由遥感数据统计
	人口（POP）	由遥感数据统计
	夜间灯光（OLS）	由遥感数据统计

Just accepted

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子区域	均值/%	中值/%	生态基流占比阈值/%
黄土高原中部	8.7	7.1	7.9
秦岭南麓	10.5	8.5	9.5
秦岭北麓	7.9	7.0	7.5
黄土高原西北部	7.5	0.6	4.1

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