中国西部边疆民族地区文旅融合高质量发展时空演化及驱动因素分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.623

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旅游业是国民经济的战略性支柱产业，发挥着文化繁荣、民族团结、稳疆固边的作用。中国西部边疆民族地区文化旅游资源丰富，推动文旅融合高质量发展是促进各民族交往交流交融、铸牢中华民族共同体意识的重要抓手。以中国西部边疆民族地区为研究对象，基于2011—2020年的多指标面板数据，测度文化和旅游高质量发展水平，分析协调度时空演化，并识别驱动因素。结果表明：（1）西部边疆民族地区文化和旅游高质量发展水平总体呈上升趋势，2020年新冠疫情对旅游业冲击明显，受历史文化沉淀和文化交流影响，文化高质量发展水平高于旅游高质量发展水平。（2）各省区文旅融合高质量发展协调度波动上升，协调等级逐步优化，广西和云南文旅融合高质量发展协调水平较高，形成“马太效应”。（3）投资水平、政策支持、市场供给和交通条件是西部边疆民族地区文旅融合高质量发展的重要驱动力，其中投资水平表现出的效用最强。研究结果可为西部边疆民族地区文旅融合高质量发展提供理论依据和数据支撑，有助于加强文化旅游建设，实现旅游业转型升级，提升文化活力和影响力。

关键词: 文旅融合, 高质量发展, 西部边疆民族地区, 时空演化, 驱动因素

Abstract:

Tourism is a strategic pillar industry of the national economy, playing a role in cultural prosperity, national unity and stabilizing the border. Border ethnic areas in western China are rich in cultural and tourism resources, and promoting the high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration is an important hand in promoting the interaction, communication and integration of various ethnic groups and casting a firm sense of Chinese national community. Taking the border ethnic areas as the research object, based on the multi-indicator panel data from 2011 to 2020, we measure the level of high-quality development of culture and tourism, analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the coordination degree, and identify the driving factors. The study found that: (1) The level of high-quality development of culture and tourism in the border ethnic areas is generally on the rise, the impact of the new crown epidemic on tourism is obvious in 2020, and the level of high-quality development of culture is higher than the level of high-quality development of tourism due to the influence of historical and cultural precipitation and cultural exchanges. (2) The degree of coordination of high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration in all provinces and regions is rising in fluctuation, and the level of coordination is gradually optimized. The coordination level of high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration is higher in Guangxi and Yunnan, forming the “Matthew effect”. (3) The investment level, policy support, market supply and transportation conditions are the important driving force for the high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration in the border ethnic areas, among which the investment level shows the strongest utility. The results of the study provide theoretical basis and data support for the high-quality development of culture and tourism integration in border ethnic areas, which can help strengthen the construction of cultural tourism, realize the transformation and upgrading of tourism, and enhance the vitality and influence of culture.

Key words: integration of culture and tourism, high-quality development, border ethnic areas in western China, spatiotemporal evolution, driving factors

徐晓亮, 刘旭义, 关靖云, 杨晶晶, 王明辰, 暴龙飞. 中国西部边疆民族地区文旅融合高质量发展时空演化及驱动因素分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(9): 1596-1605.

XU Xiaoliang, LIU Xuyi, GUAN Jingyun, YANG Jingjing, WANG Mingchen, BAO Longfei. Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration in border ethnic areas in western China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(9): 1596-1605.

图/表 8

表1

文化和旅游高质量发展指标体系"

类型	目标层	指标	指标计算说明
文化产业	创新	文化产业R&D经费/10⁴元	全社会R&D经费数额×“文化产业产值占国民经济生产总值的比值”^[22]
		文化产业R&D人员/人	全社会R&D人员×“文化从业人员占地区就业总人数的比值”
		文化专利授权总数/件	Innojoy专利搜索引擎以“文化”为关键词按省份分类，搜索得到的专利授权数^[22]
		版权合同登记数量/件	统计年鉴中版权合同登记数量
	协调	文化产业结构合理化	文化产业结构合理化指数^[24]
		文化产业结构高级化	文化服务企业营业收入/全部营业收入
		城乡居民人均文化娱乐消费比	城镇居民人均文化娱乐消费/农村居民人均文化娱乐消费
	绿色	生活垃圾处理率/%	统计年鉴中生活垃圾处理率
		自然灾害直接经济损失/10⁴元	统计年鉴中自然灾害直接经济损失
		文化发展单位SO₂排放量/10⁴t	SO₂排放量×“文化产业产值与工业总产值比值”^[24]
		文化发展单位固体废物产生量/10⁴t	固体废物排放量×“文化产业产值与工业总产值比值”^[24]
	开放	对外文化交流活动交流人员/人	统计年鉴中对外文化交流活动交流人员
	开放	对外文化交流活动项目/项	统计年鉴中对外文化交流活动项目
	共享	非物质文化遗产数量/个	国家非物质文化遗产网查询
		公共文化设施数量/个	图书馆、艺术馆、博物馆、文化站数量总和
		一般公共预算文化体育与传媒支出/10⁴元	统计年鉴中一般公共预算文化体育与传媒支出
		文化从业人员占总就业人员比重	文化从业人员/总就业人员
旅游产业	创新	旅游产业R&D经费/10⁴元	全社会R&D经费数额×“旅游业产值占国民经济生产总值的比值”
		旅游产业R&D人员/人	全社会R&D人员×“旅游业从业人员占地区就业总人数的比值”
		旅游业发明专利的授权数量/件	Innojoy专利搜索引擎以“旅游”为关键词按省份分类，搜索得到的专利授权数^[22]
		旅游学术论文发表数/篇	在CNKI以“旅游”为主题“地区”为作者机构，检索得到的文章数^[10]
	协调	旅游产业合理化指数	旅游产业泰尔指数^[25]
		旅游产业高级化指数	旅游总收入/GDP
		城乡居民人均可支配收入比	统计年鉴中城乡居民人均可支配收入比
	绿色	湿地覆盖率/%	统计年鉴中湿地覆盖率
		自然保护区面积/10⁴ hm²	统计年鉴中自然保护区面积
		旅游业单位SO₂排放量/10⁴t	SO₂排放量×“旅游总收入与工业总产值比值”^[24]
		旅游业单位固体废物排放量/10⁴t	固体废物排放量×“旅游总收入与工业总产值比值”^[24]
	开放	入境旅游人数/10⁴人	统计年鉴中入境旅游人数
	开放	入境旅游收入/10⁴元	统计年鉴中入境旅游收入
	共享	基础设施完善程度/10⁴元	统计年鉴中住宿和餐饮业固定投资
		旅游资源禀赋	熵值法加权计算国家级历史文化名城、国家级风景名胜区、特色民族村寨等数量
		旅游收入福利	城乡居民人均可支配收入增长率/旅游总收入增长率
		旅游直接就业乘数	旅游总收入增长量/旅游直接就业人数增长量

表1

表2

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表3

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协调度	协调等级	协调度	协调等级
(0.0, 0.1]	极度失调	(0.5, 0.6]	勉强协调
(0.1, 0.2]	严重失调	(0.6, 0.7]	初级协调
(0.2, 0.3]	中度失调	(0.7, 0.8]	中级协调
(0.3, 0.4]	轻度失调	(0.8, 0.9]	良好协调
(0.4, 0.5]	濒临失调	(0.9, 1.0]	优质协调

变量	回归系数	标准误	Z值	P值
投资水平	0.122^***	0.028	4.320	0.000
交通条件	0.050^***	0.012	4.150	0.000
政策支持	0.079^***	0.019	4.030	0.000
市场需求	0.067^**	0.026	2.520	0.012
常数项	0.794^***	0.171	4.630	0.000